Tri Unity
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The age of the earth is determined by using clocks that have been ticking in the core, or in rocks, or in our atmosphere, ever since the earth was formed. Helium in our atmosphere is one of those clocks; because helium in our atmosphere has been accumulated by the decay process of uranium in rocks. This is the same process of decay that is used for calculating the uranium-lead clock, for the uranium decays into lead through the process of alpha decay - which is escaped helium from uranium. Lead and helium are both radiogenic daughter products of uranium. As almost all rocks on earth contain uranium, the accumulation of helium 4 (alpha decay) in our atmosphere is synchronous with the age of rocks, or the crust of the earth. Our earth and our atmosphere are two clocks that were set in motion at the same time!
As both of these clocks were started at the same time, both of these clocks should yield the same age of the earth. In other words, the 4.6 billion years given for the uranium-lead clock needs to be consistent with the helium clock, otherwise the uranium-lead clock is inconsistent, unreliable, and not “scientific”.
The problem is that these two clocks show irreconcilable differences. If the uranium lead clock was correct, and the earth is 4.6 billion years old, then there would need to be 10,000 billion tons of radiogenic helium 4 in the atmosphere. The actual amount of Helium 4 in the atmosphere is 3.5 billion tons – 0.035 percent of the required amount to match the 4.6 billion years of the uranium-lead clock.
In Where is the Earth's Radiogenic Helium?, Melvin Cook says: “AT the estimated 2 ×1020 gm. uranium and 5 × 1020 gm. thorium in the lithosphere, helium should be generated radiogenically at a rate of about 3 ×109gm./year. Moreover, the (secondary) cosmic-ray source of helium has been estimated to be of comparable magnitude. Apparently nearly all the helium from sedimentary rock sand, according to Keevil and Hurley, about 0.8 of the radiogenic helium from igneous rocks, have been released into the atmosphere during geological times (currently taken to be about 5 × 109 yr.). Hence more than 1020gm. of helium should have passed into the atmosphere since the `beginning'. Because the atmosphere contains only 3.5 × 1015 gm. helium-4, the common assumption is therefore that about 1020 gm. of helium-4 must also have passed out through the exosphere, and that its present rate of loss through the exosphere balances the rate of exudation from the lithosphere.”
Scientists have assumed that the discrepancy of the missing 99.96 percent of helium has occurred through helium escaping the earth’s gravitational field into space. This has not been observed, however. In fact, they have observed the opposite. Another source of helium accumulation, such as when the earth travels through the solar atmosphere, actually builds on the helium quantities. Again, another source of accumulated helium are the factors wherein meteorite collisions and intense volcanism have brought about periods of accelerated decay. These periods could have brought about the alpha decay rate of helium diffusion many times of the natural diffusion rates.
With the combined accumulation of helium in the atmosphere, the calculation yields a date of 175,000 years. The natural rate contributed to by alpha decay may only be that of 10,000 - 15,000 years. This is but one example of a natural clock in which the age of the earth can be dated by other means than the uranium-lead clock, and how the same process gives radically different yields to what has become a scientific fantasy of 4.6 billion years.
http://www.christianforums.net/newthread.php?do=newthread&f=22#_ednref1 Nature,Volume 179, Issue 4552, pp. 213 (1957).
As both of these clocks were started at the same time, both of these clocks should yield the same age of the earth. In other words, the 4.6 billion years given for the uranium-lead clock needs to be consistent with the helium clock, otherwise the uranium-lead clock is inconsistent, unreliable, and not “scientific”.
The problem is that these two clocks show irreconcilable differences. If the uranium lead clock was correct, and the earth is 4.6 billion years old, then there would need to be 10,000 billion tons of radiogenic helium 4 in the atmosphere. The actual amount of Helium 4 in the atmosphere is 3.5 billion tons – 0.035 percent of the required amount to match the 4.6 billion years of the uranium-lead clock.
In Where is the Earth's Radiogenic Helium?, Melvin Cook says: “AT the estimated 2 ×1020 gm. uranium and 5 × 1020 gm. thorium in the lithosphere, helium should be generated radiogenically at a rate of about 3 ×109gm./year. Moreover, the (secondary) cosmic-ray source of helium has been estimated to be of comparable magnitude. Apparently nearly all the helium from sedimentary rock sand, according to Keevil and Hurley, about 0.8 of the radiogenic helium from igneous rocks, have been released into the atmosphere during geological times (currently taken to be about 5 × 109 yr.). Hence more than 1020gm. of helium should have passed into the atmosphere since the `beginning'. Because the atmosphere contains only 3.5 × 1015 gm. helium-4, the common assumption is therefore that about 1020 gm. of helium-4 must also have passed out through the exosphere, and that its present rate of loss through the exosphere balances the rate of exudation from the lithosphere.”
Scientists have assumed that the discrepancy of the missing 99.96 percent of helium has occurred through helium escaping the earth’s gravitational field into space. This has not been observed, however. In fact, they have observed the opposite. Another source of helium accumulation, such as when the earth travels through the solar atmosphere, actually builds on the helium quantities. Again, another source of accumulated helium are the factors wherein meteorite collisions and intense volcanism have brought about periods of accelerated decay. These periods could have brought about the alpha decay rate of helium diffusion many times of the natural diffusion rates.
With the combined accumulation of helium in the atmosphere, the calculation yields a date of 175,000 years. The natural rate contributed to by alpha decay may only be that of 10,000 - 15,000 years. This is but one example of a natural clock in which the age of the earth can be dated by other means than the uranium-lead clock, and how the same process gives radically different yields to what has become a scientific fantasy of 4.6 billion years.
http://www.christianforums.net/newthread.php?do=newthread&f=22#_ednref1 Nature,Volume 179, Issue 4552, pp. 213 (1957).
