- Dec 13, 2019
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We often see the statistic that human and chimp DNA is 98–99% similar. But is that true?
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[__ Science __ ] Do Humans and Chimps Share a Common Ancestor?
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Barbarian
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- Jun 5, 2003
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It's not just the percent similarity. The arrangement of chromosomes shows the common ancestry of humans and chimpanzees.
Some 60 years ago, two researchers, Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan, discovered that the number of chromosomes (karyotype) in humans was 46 chromosomes, that is, 23 pairs and not 48 as was thought previously (1). The key to this discovery was the introduction of a series of improvements in culture techniques applied to human fibroblasts, especially as regards treatment with colchicine, which interrupts cell division at an appropriate stage for chromosome observation. This is known as the metaphase, during which chromosomes are contracted so they can be properly seen through a microscope. Interestingly, these same improvements were used over the following years to determine that our closest ancestors (large apes, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas or orangutans) possessed 48 chromosomes. How and when did this change in the number of chromosomes take place? Above all, what role did this difference play in the origin of our species? The latest breakthroughs in genetic analysis techniques are making great progress in solving these two questions.
However, it was not until after the 1970s that molecular techniques allowing direct analysis of DNA on chromosomes arrived, before which in-depth characterization of the chromosome rearrangement that distinguishes us from the large apes was not possible. Thus, it was seen that more or less in the center of our chromosome 2 there were telomeric and subtelomeric DNA sequences (normally present at only one end of chromosomes, but not in internal areas) (2). This made it clear that the fusion of the two chromosomes had been complete, that is, from one end to the other. Nowadays, the availability of human genome and the genome of large apes has revealed how the genetic content of our chromosome 2 corresponds to the sum of the two chromosomes of our ape ancestors.
www.bbvaopenmind.com
There's more. Worth reading and learning how this discovery nailed down the common ancestry of chimpanzee and humans.
Some 60 years ago, two researchers, Joe Hin Tjio and Albert Levan, discovered that the number of chromosomes (karyotype) in humans was 46 chromosomes, that is, 23 pairs and not 48 as was thought previously (1). The key to this discovery was the introduction of a series of improvements in culture techniques applied to human fibroblasts, especially as regards treatment with colchicine, which interrupts cell division at an appropriate stage for chromosome observation. This is known as the metaphase, during which chromosomes are contracted so they can be properly seen through a microscope. Interestingly, these same improvements were used over the following years to determine that our closest ancestors (large apes, such as chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas or orangutans) possessed 48 chromosomes. How and when did this change in the number of chromosomes take place? Above all, what role did this difference play in the origin of our species? The latest breakthroughs in genetic analysis techniques are making great progress in solving these two questions.
However, it was not until after the 1970s that molecular techniques allowing direct analysis of DNA on chromosomes arrived, before which in-depth characterization of the chromosome rearrangement that distinguishes us from the large apes was not possible. Thus, it was seen that more or less in the center of our chromosome 2 there were telomeric and subtelomeric DNA sequences (normally present at only one end of chromosomes, but not in internal areas) (2). This made it clear that the fusion of the two chromosomes had been complete, that is, from one end to the other. Nowadays, the availability of human genome and the genome of large apes has revealed how the genetic content of our chromosome 2 corresponds to the sum of the two chromosomes of our ape ancestors.
The Origin of the Human Species: a Chromosome Fusion? | OpenMind
Perhaps a chromosome fusion is in the origin of the human species. Manuel Rejón poses this thesis explaining the process in his article.
www.bbvaopenmind.com
There's more. Worth reading and learning how this discovery nailed down the common ancestry of chimpanzee and humans.