Shouldn't it be apparent why studies done by the cigarette manufacturers would conclude there were little no health risks?
In any case, can you provide some links to these studies please?
Why provide the links...I think most are in agreement that the cigarette manufacturer's scientists skewed their results.
So, are we going to the "no true Scotsman" argument about whether or not these were "true" scientists? Or, shall we just agree that scientists are just as human as everyone else and will manipulate data when it's in their best interests to do so.
There are a plethora of issues that scientists disagree upon that are openly discussed.
The current disagreement about global warming is whether or not it's caused by humans. Why is this troubling you? Scientists disagreeing upon an issue is a problem?
My point is that science, while it is the best method for coming up with facts, only goes so far. After the data is compiled...there is the human effort of coming up with conclusions and then the human capability to look at the same source information and come up with divergent ideas comes into play.
(It doesn't really trouble me.)
This is quite a bold claim you're making about the FDA demanding increased saccharin to be put into rats in order to fit what they wanted (a ban on diabetic sugars?), which I'm assuming you don't have anything to back up with. In any case, here is some actual information on what you're talking about, complete with why the labels disappeared!
Saccharin - FDA
As I said, 29 years ago, my college chemistry professor brought in this guy, who claimed to be part of the scientific research team that were to study the effects of saccharine on humans...I shared with the board here what he shared with us. My point to sharing is the same as the other examples that I gave...scientific data is manipulated by humans for a variety of reasons.
And nope...as I mentioned, it was 29 years ago...I can't even remember the name of my professor, but the gist of what the scientist spoke of is correct. If you want to believe that the scientist was lying to the professor and to us...feel free to do so. Why he would come fly out to a podunk college in central California and tell a bunch of college chemistry students a lie...he wasn't selling a book or anything...the most he got out of it were some cookies and coffee...I don't know. But, what I shared that he spoke of is accurate enough.
Why is it that you've insisted on straw manning me? It's seems as though you've decided you're just not going to read the posts you're responding to and make an entire response based off an incorrect of the other posters position, which just makes you look silly.
Sorry that you feel I'm straw manning you. I realize that by quoting you, it would seem that I'm doing so...sorry, not my intent. My intent was to take the phrase "
but he does not manipulate the data gained to fit his preconceptions, which was the point I was trying to make" and share some general observations on that idea. Observations that point out that the scientist does indeed manipulate data gained to fit preconceptions.
Oh, and thanks for the ad hominem.
Try reading again, I never said 'results of research is never manipulated'. I've explicitly said that creation 'scientists' for instance certainly do manipulate their data. Secular scientists may also on occasion, although we would hope they would, manipulate their data for their own benefit.
Now manipulating and interpreting, as I'm sure you know, are two entirely different things. Manipulating would be taking the result of 5 and changing it to 7, simply because its what you wanted the result to be. Interpreting would be taking 5 and interpreting it to mean X despite possible an equal possibility it could mean Y. They're two entirely different things.
Secular scientists are no more nor no less apt to both manipulate and/or interpret data to fit their own conclusions than creation scientists are. Most of the body of scientific research is done by non-creation scientists. My point...and I stand by it, silly or not...is that one can make the same mistake with "science" as one can with "religion" ascribe too much righteousness on the part of the people involved. The truth is all people, whether scientists or religious types, are prone to prejudices, error and manipulations and all conclusions, whether made by scientists or religious types, should be examined with a certain amount of skepticism until something is firmly established....and even then, it doesn't hurt to revisit the issues.