During the 19th century some women in the United States and Britain began to challenge laws that denied them the
right to their property once they married. Under the common law doctrine of
coverture husbands gained control of their wives' real estate and wages. Beginning in the 1840s, state legislatures in the United States<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57">
[58]</sup> and the British Parliament<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58">
[59]</sup> began passing statutes that protected women's property from their husbands and their husbands' creditors. These laws were known as the Married Women's Property Acts.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59">
[60]</sup> Courts in the 19th-century United States also continued to require privy examinations of married women who sold their property. A
privy examination was a practice in which a married woman who wished to sell her property had to be separately examined by a judge or justice of the peace outside of the presence of her husband and asked if her husband was pressuring her into signing the document.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60">
[61]</sup>