One recieves the Holy Spirit when God grants it to them upon conversion, or upon being born again. No outside human work causes Him to come upon us, as Catholic's heresy states. This is one of the reasons why Peter rebuked Simon in the book of acts. One, because he thought he could purchase the ability to grant the Spirit by the laying on of hands with money. And two, because he thought it was a man caused act that accomplished what only God can do.
When we are born again and recieve the Holy Spirit, it is according to God's timing. When the perfect time is come for one of His elect to come into the kingdom, according to His will, His providence, His power, and for His glory, He converts His to-be son and grants him the Holy Spirit. Upon hearing the Gospel we are born again. Then we are granted the gift of faith, and then we are sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise.
“Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God.†This is clearly stating that we don't believe that Jesus is the Christ until we have been born of God. Here is a quote from John Stott:
"The combination of present tense (believes) and perfect tense [has been born] is important. It shows clearly that believing is the consequence, not the cause, of the new birth. Our present, continuing activity of believing is the result, and therefore, the evidence, of our past experience of new birth by which we became and remain God’s children."
This is also seen in the fact that faith is a fruit of the Spirit.
"But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith..."
We are born again, and then we are granted faith in Christ. Dead men aren't capable of resurrecting themselves, the Spirit of God must come and do that work through the hearing of the Gospel, and through hearing He grants them faith.
The Spirit begets children of God through the hearing of the Gospel, the Gospel is the power of God to salvation, once born of the Gospel, and of God, we have faith in Christ, and are sealed with the Spirit of promise.
"That we should be to the praise of His glory, who first trusted in Christ. In whom you also trusted, after that you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that you believed, you were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise."
So the Spirit begets through the GOSPEL, not baptism, grants faith, and then seals you after and upon having faith in Christ.
We can see this in reality in the following passages from Acts.
[Peter preaching to some people] "To him give all the prophets witness, that through His name whosoever believes in Him shall recieve remission of sins." [Notice how it doesn't say, whoever is baptized in His name shall recieve remission of sins, but whosoever believes in Him.] "While Peter yet spoke these words, the Holy Spirit fell on all them which heard the word." The Gospel is the power of God to salvation, not water baptism. "... Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Spirit as well as we? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then they prayed they him to tarry certain days." The Spirit begets through the Gospel, not baptism, grants faith, and then you are sealed with the Holy Spirit. So with this group, upon hearing the word, we see that they were born immediately, and immediately they were granted faith, and immediately they were given the gift and sealed by the Holy Spirit.
So the order is this:
“Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God.â€Â
We are born, and then believe.
"That we should be to the praise of His glory, who first trusted in Christ. In whom you also trusted, after that you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation: in whom also after that you believed, you were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise."
We have faith, and then are sealed.
We are born through the hearing of the Gospel, because it says we trusted in Christ, after that we heard the word of truth, the gospel of our salvation, and we know that you can't trust in Christ until after you have been born of God, so being born again occurs upon hearing the Gospel, which is the power of God unto salvation.
So we see that we are first born of God after and upon hearing the Gospel of our salvation, we are then granted faith, and after we have faith we are sealed by the Spirit of God, and these things happen in a moment, or atleast they did with this group from the passage of Acts we just looked at, because they were sealed with the Spirit immediately after having heard the Gospel, and believing in Jesus Christ.
Now look at another passage.
[Philip preaching to the Etheopian eunuch] "Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached to him Jesus." [He preached the gospel] "And as they went on their way, they came to a certain water: and the eunuch said, See, here is water; what does hinder me to be baptized?" Here we see that the eunuch already believed. He was already born again, and had already recieved the gift of the Holy Spirit, and he was eager to be baptized and answer with a good conscience to God. I'll explain further how we know that he was already born again and had recieved the Spirit. "And Philip said, If you believe with all your heart, you may. And he answered and said, I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." From this we see that he had already been born again. Remember, “Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God.†He believed, so therefore he had been born of God. He had faith, and therefore he was sealed by the Spirit of God, because, "...in whom also after that you believed, you were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise." So being that he believed, he was also sealed by the Spirit. "And he commanded the chariot to stand still: and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptized him." Baptism isn't the power of God to salvation. The Gospel is the power of God to salvation. God begets His children through the Gospel, and then grants them faith, and then seals them with His Spirit.
"Then Philip opened his mouth, and began at the same scripture, and preached to him Jesus." Also from this alone we know the he had already been born again, because the Gospel is the power of God to salvation, and we are born again upon hearing the Gospel, not by water baptism.
"And Philip said, If you believe with all your heart, you may." Philip is saying here that he will not baptize those who don't believe with all their heart. He is saying that without that qualification, you may not be baptized. Conversely, his statement says this. "If you don't believe with all your heart, you may not." Why would he do that? Probably because he doesn't want an unbeliever having assurance in salvation based on the fact that he got dunked in a pool of water. If someone is convinced that simply by being baptized by water they automatically recieve the Spirit of God and are therefore saved, then water baptism becomes nothing but superstition. Water baptism is a good thing that we ought to and are commanded to do by God, but this by no means initiates the giving of the Holy Spirit. The Gospel is the power of God to salvation, not water baptism. Catholic sacramentalism has turned Christ's commands into superstition. If there is no inward work and no inward reality and someone goes through the motions being assured, according to Catholic teaching, that by doing an outward work an inward work of God is going to take place, they are being decieved and are going to trust in water baptism rather than in a work of God, and water baptism then becomes superstition. Philip is saying here, that without an inward reality, we should not baptize with water, and I completely agree, because without an inward reality, if we do baptize an unconverted man, he may go on in life with assurance of salvation based on superstition.
“Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ has been born of God.â€Â
I believed in Jesus Christ long before I was baptized. So much so, that I went every day into the nearest town and witnessed to almost everybody I saw. The Holy Spirit was burning within me, and He set me free from the bondage of my sin long before I was baptized.
I heard the Gospel, was born of God, believed in Christ, and was sealed by the Spirit, and then, as Philip indicates shouldn't be done unless you are a believer, I was baptized.