Verse 3. By the name of God Almighty
EL-SHADDAl, God All-sufficient; God the dispenser or pourer-out of gifts. See Clarke on
Genesis 17:1.
But by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them.
This passage has been a sort of
crux criticorum, and has been variously explained. It is certain that the name Jehovah was in use long before the days of Abraham, see
Genesis 2:4, where the words
Jehovah Elohim occur, as they do frequently afterwards; and see
Genesis 15:2, where Abraham expressly addresses him by the name
Adonai JEHOVAH; and see
Genesis 15:7, where God reveals himself to Abraham by this very name:
And he said unto him, I am JEHOVAH,
that brought thee out of Ur of the Chaldees. How then can it be said that by his name JEHOVAH
he was not known unto them? Several answers have been given to this question; the following are the chief:-1. The words should be read
interrogatively, for the negative particle
lo, not, has this power often in Hebrew. "I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by the name of God Almighty, and by my name Jehovah was I not also made known unto them?" 2. The name JEHOVAH was not revealed before the time mentioned here, for though it occurs so frequently in the book of Genesis, as that book was written
long after the name had come into common use, as a principal characteristic of God, Moses employs it in his history because of this circumstance; so that whenever it appears
previously to this, it is by the figure called
prolepsis or anticipation. 3. As the name JEHOVAH signifies
existence, it may be understood in the text in question thus: "I appeared unto Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob by my name God Almighty, or God
All-sufficient, i.e., having all power to do all good; in this character I made a covenant with them, supported by great and glorious promises; but as those promises had respect unto their
posterity, they could not be fulfilled to those fathers: but now, as JEHOVAH, I am about to give
existence to all those promises relative to your support, deliverance from bondage, and your consequent settlement in the promised land." 4. The words may be considered as used
comparatively: though God did appear to those patriarchs as JEHOVAH, and they acknowledged him by this name, yet it was but
comparatively known unto them; they knew nothing of the power and goodness of God, in comparison of what the Israelites were now about to experience.
I believe the simple meaning is this, that though from the beginning the name JEHOVAH was known as one of the names of the Supreme Being, yet what it really
implied they did not know.
El-Shaddai, God All-sufficient, they knew well by the
continual provision he made for them, and the
constant protection he afforded them: but the name JEHOVAH is particularly to be referred to the
accomplishment of promises already made; to the giving them a
being, and thus bringing them into
existence, which could not have been done in the order of his providence sooner than here specified: this name therefore in its
power and significancy
was not known unto
them; nor fully known unto their
descendants till the
deliverance from
Egypt and the
settlement in the
promised land. It is surely possible for a man to bear the
name of a certain
office or
dignity before he
fulfils any of its functions.
King, mayor, alderman, magistrate, constable, may be borne by the several persons to whom they legally belong,
before any of the acts peculiar to those offices are performed. The KING,
acknowledged as such on his coronation, is
known to be such by his
legislative acts; the
civil magistrate, by his distribution of justice, and issuing warrants for the apprehending of culprits; and the
constable, by
executing those warrants. All these were
known to have their respective
names, but the
exercise of their powers alone shows what is implied in being
king, magistrate, and
constable. The following is a case in point, which fell within my own knowledge.
A case of dispute between certain litigious neighbours being heard in court before a weekly sitting of the magistrates, a woman who came as an
evidence in behalf of her
bad neighbour, finding the magistrates inclining to give judgment against her mischievous companion, took her by the arm and said, "Come away! I told you you would get neither law nor justice in this place." A magistrate, who was as much an honour to his function as he was to human nature, immediately said, "Here, constable! take that woman and lodge her in Bridewell, that she may know there is some law and justice in this place." Thus the worthy magistrate
proved he had the
power implied in the
name by
executing the duties of his office. And God who
was known as JEHOVAH, the being who
makes and
gives effect to
promises, was known to the descendants of the twelve tribes to be THAT JEHOVAH, by giving
effect and
being to the
promises which he
had made to their
fathers.