New wine (grape juice), wine, strong wine (strong drink), and mixed wine

[TonyChanYT]

There are 4 Hebrew words that get translated as some form of wine by one Bible version or another.

ESV, Hosea 4:

10 They shall eat, but not be satisfied;
they shall play the harlot, but not multiply,
because they have forsaken the LORD
to cherish 11 whoredom, wine [H3196], and new wine [H8492],
which take away the understanding.

Firstly, there was the general term for wine:
וְיַ֥יִן (wə·ya·yin)
Strong's 3196: Wine, intoxication
H3196 appears 141 times.

Secondly, new wine
וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ (wə·ṯî·rō·wōš)
Strong's 8492: fresh grape-juice, fermented wine

H8492 is a slightly alcoholic drink that is not the same as today's grape juice. It is a kind of must:

Must (from the Latin vinum mustum, "young wine") is freshly crushed fruit juice (usually grape juice) that contains the skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. The solid portion of the must is called pomace and typically makes up 7–23% of the total weight of the must. Making must is the first step in winemaking.

Must can taste very sweet due to the high sugar content. Drinking must in its early stages would not result in becoming drunk, as the alcohol content is still very low or even negligible.

Thirdly, Proverbs 20:

1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler, and whoever is led astray by it is not wise.

strong drink
שֵׁכָ֑ר (šê·ḵār)
Strong's 7941: An intoxicant, intensely alcoholic liquor

John the Baptizer did not drink wine or strong drink, ESV Luke 1:

15 for he will be great before the Lord. And he must not drink wine or strong drink, and he will be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.

Was it simply another form of alcoholic beverage like beer?

No. It was specifically a Hebrew drink/concept. It was a word that the average Gentile never heard of. It was a Greek word borrowed from Hebrew. It was a loan word.

Meyer's NT Commentary:

τὸ σίκερα (שִׁבָר), which does not occur in the Greek writers, is any exciting drink of the nature of wine, but not made of grapes; Leviticus 10:9 and frequently in the LXX. It was prepared from corn, fruit, dates, palms.

Fourthly, Proverbs 23:

30 Those who tarry long over wine; those who go to try mixed wine.

mixed drinks
מִמְסָֽךְ׃ (mim·sāḵ)
Strong's 4469: Mixture, wine mixed

There were at least 4 different words for the 4 concepts of wine: new wine (grape juice), wine, strong wine (strong drink), and mixed wine.