Lewis
Member
When I think about how the land was taken from many of the Indians, it still makes me mad, and then they were put on reservations that was their land to begin with. What gets me is the way that they were treated, it is wrong for someone to just come in and take where you live from you. And put them on a stolen land, federal reservation, and if a Indian commits a crime on a reservation he or she is subjected to federal law, and harsher time is done. How could the Kings and Queens of England give land to people, and it was not theirs to give away. Don't get me wrong, I love my country, but the treatment of the red people, was and still is just plain wrong. And the way evil and I mean evil president Andrew Jackson treated the Indians, when he was a general, is just horrific. And it continued after he was president. But anyway below is just a little of the bad treatment that Native Americans had to endure. When I was in the hippie movement, we always talked about the injustice that the Indian was getting, but now, I don't hear nothing.
How the Land of Northeast Ohio Was Stolen from Indigenous Peoples
1660: The King of England claims a strip of land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, including this land, for the English colony of Connecticut.
1763: In response to armed resistance from indigenous peoples to English settlement, a Royal Proclamation declares all land West of the Appalachian mountains reserved for Indigenous Peoples.
1764: Sir Jeffrey Amherst writes to Colonel Henry Bouquet, stationed at Fort Pitt in the Ohio Valley, “Could it not be contrived to send the small pox among the disaffected tribes of Indians?†Shawnee and Delaware leaders are infected by small pox through blankets given to them at Fort Pitt during peace talks. Small pox spreads through Ohio tribes, devastating families and villages.
1780’s Based on the proclamation of 1660, Connecticut reasserts its claim to the Western Reserve, ignoring the indigenous peoples who lived there.
At the end of the Revolutionary War, England cedes the land south of the Great Lakes to the United States, again ignoring the indigenous peoples.
United States' colonel George Rogers Clark sacks and burns Shawnee villages on the Maumee River, “torturing, murdering and scalping†indigenous families. Indigenous warriors retaliate.
The United States recognizes that indigenous peoples hold ‘title’ to their home lands, and dispatches government agents to legally “extinguish Indian title to the land.â€Â
Government agents use coercion, alcohol, bribery and unauthorized tribal representatives to produce a series of fraudulent treaties, not generally recognized by tribal governments.
1791: Miami and Shawnee warriors defeat General St. Clair, handing the United States their biggest defeat in the history of U.S.-Indian warfare in the defense of their Ohio homelands.
1794: General Anthony Wayne defeats an allied force of indigenous peoples at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
1795: The Treaty of Greenville is imposed on indigenous peoples, ceding the land East of the Cuyahoga River to the United States, but reserving the land West of the Cuyahoga for indigenous peoples.
A few weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Greenville, the state of Connecticut sells 3 million acres of the Western Reserve, including the unceded land West of the Cuyahoga, to the Connecticut Land Company for 1.2 million dollars.
1796: The Connecticut Land Company instructs Moses Cleveland to survey only the East side of the Cuyahoga.
1805: A Treaty Council is held In Cleveland to negotiate the ceding of the .land West of the Cuyahoga. Indigenous peoples refuse to attend the council and assert their desir4e to maintain their lands.
1806: Some indigenous leaders reluctantly sign a treaty and accept payment for the land West of the Cuyahoga, others move farther West and continue to resist.
1809: A man known to settlers as "Chief Seneca," and who helped the settlers survive during their first few years in Cleveland, moves to Holmes County where he is shot to death by a white settler. There is no prosecution.
1812: Many Indigenous Peoples side with the British in the War of 1812. When the British are defeated, they abandon their promises to support the land rights of indigenous peoples.
John O'Mic, an indigenous man accused of murder, is the first person hung in Cleveland. He is tied to the rafters of a house for two months before his execution in order to allow enough time for settlers to gather to watch the spectacle. Later, his body is stolen by local doctors in order to perform medical research.
1830: The Indian Removal Act forces the removal of all Indigenous peoples from the Eastern United States, including Ohio. Indigenous Peoples who stay are not granted citizenship, the right to vote or the right to own property. Many states pass laws against the practice of indigenous traditions. No known indigenous peoples were left. in the Cleveland area, but in Sandusky indigenous peoples were forced from their homes, and made to walk hundreds of miles to their new reservation. Many die on the way.
2002: The legacy of racism that justified brutality, land theft and genocide by ignoring the rights, the high civilization and the humanity of indigenous peoples, lives on in our, educational system, the media, the entertainment industry and the sports industry, including the degrading and inaccurate -stereotypes promoted by the baseball team name “Indians†and the “Chief Wahoo†logos.
After 200 years, it’s time to end the legacy of racism against indigenous peoples!
How the Land of Northeast Ohio Was Stolen from Indigenous Peoples
1660: The King of England claims a strip of land from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River, including this land, for the English colony of Connecticut.
1763: In response to armed resistance from indigenous peoples to English settlement, a Royal Proclamation declares all land West of the Appalachian mountains reserved for Indigenous Peoples.
1764: Sir Jeffrey Amherst writes to Colonel Henry Bouquet, stationed at Fort Pitt in the Ohio Valley, “Could it not be contrived to send the small pox among the disaffected tribes of Indians?†Shawnee and Delaware leaders are infected by small pox through blankets given to them at Fort Pitt during peace talks. Small pox spreads through Ohio tribes, devastating families and villages.
1780’s Based on the proclamation of 1660, Connecticut reasserts its claim to the Western Reserve, ignoring the indigenous peoples who lived there.
At the end of the Revolutionary War, England cedes the land south of the Great Lakes to the United States, again ignoring the indigenous peoples.
United States' colonel George Rogers Clark sacks and burns Shawnee villages on the Maumee River, “torturing, murdering and scalping†indigenous families. Indigenous warriors retaliate.
The United States recognizes that indigenous peoples hold ‘title’ to their home lands, and dispatches government agents to legally “extinguish Indian title to the land.â€Â
Government agents use coercion, alcohol, bribery and unauthorized tribal representatives to produce a series of fraudulent treaties, not generally recognized by tribal governments.
1791: Miami and Shawnee warriors defeat General St. Clair, handing the United States their biggest defeat in the history of U.S.-Indian warfare in the defense of their Ohio homelands.
1794: General Anthony Wayne defeats an allied force of indigenous peoples at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
1795: The Treaty of Greenville is imposed on indigenous peoples, ceding the land East of the Cuyahoga River to the United States, but reserving the land West of the Cuyahoga for indigenous peoples.
A few weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Greenville, the state of Connecticut sells 3 million acres of the Western Reserve, including the unceded land West of the Cuyahoga, to the Connecticut Land Company for 1.2 million dollars.
1796: The Connecticut Land Company instructs Moses Cleveland to survey only the East side of the Cuyahoga.
1805: A Treaty Council is held In Cleveland to negotiate the ceding of the .land West of the Cuyahoga. Indigenous peoples refuse to attend the council and assert their desir4e to maintain their lands.
1806: Some indigenous leaders reluctantly sign a treaty and accept payment for the land West of the Cuyahoga, others move farther West and continue to resist.
1809: A man known to settlers as "Chief Seneca," and who helped the settlers survive during their first few years in Cleveland, moves to Holmes County where he is shot to death by a white settler. There is no prosecution.
1812: Many Indigenous Peoples side with the British in the War of 1812. When the British are defeated, they abandon their promises to support the land rights of indigenous peoples.
John O'Mic, an indigenous man accused of murder, is the first person hung in Cleveland. He is tied to the rafters of a house for two months before his execution in order to allow enough time for settlers to gather to watch the spectacle. Later, his body is stolen by local doctors in order to perform medical research.
1830: The Indian Removal Act forces the removal of all Indigenous peoples from the Eastern United States, including Ohio. Indigenous Peoples who stay are not granted citizenship, the right to vote or the right to own property. Many states pass laws against the practice of indigenous traditions. No known indigenous peoples were left. in the Cleveland area, but in Sandusky indigenous peoples were forced from their homes, and made to walk hundreds of miles to their new reservation. Many die on the way.
2002: The legacy of racism that justified brutality, land theft and genocide by ignoring the rights, the high civilization and the humanity of indigenous peoples, lives on in our, educational system, the media, the entertainment industry and the sports industry, including the degrading and inaccurate -stereotypes promoted by the baseball team name “Indians†and the “Chief Wahoo†logos.
After 200 years, it’s time to end the legacy of racism against indigenous peoples!
