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BibleJunky
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Hi Gents,
I saw this on a site... and I thought you'd be interested in reading it.
taken from here...:
http://nw-baptist.com/timothy4.html
Warning this maybe a bit long.... sorry...
Thoughts?
BibleJunky
I saw this on a site... and I thought you'd be interested in reading it.
taken from here...:
http://nw-baptist.com/timothy4.html
Warning this maybe a bit long.... sorry...
The Bible of the Early Church Fathers
Introduction
In the late nineteenth century the long established credibility of the Authorized Version of the Bible was attacked. To make this attack on God’s Word, Dr. Hort claimed that Chrysostom who died in 407 was the first Church Father to characteristically use what has come to be known as the Received Text, the Greek source of the Authorized Version. He further claimed that the readings characteristic of the Received Text are never found prior to about A.D. 350! From this untenable proposition he theorized that any manuscript older than A.D. 350 would be both older and more reliable than the Received Text. This serves to answer why he favored every reading of the Alexandrian family of manuscripts which differed with the Received Text.
Upon this one proposition Hort’s whole argument is based and all his conclusions are drawn. In light of his claim, we would presume that the writings of the early church fathers would use manuscripts similar to the Alexandrian text. If, on the other hand, the readings peculiar to the Received Text are found to have been preferred during the first centuries, then the Westcott and Hort theory is nothing but lies, and the current attacks on our King James Bible are clearly part of a great heresy.
Hypothesis
This paper seeks to examine what early church leaders had to say about the actual text of the New Testament. We are especially interested in what kind of text they quoted from in their numerous writings. Do they bear witness to the text variously referred to as Byzantine, Syrian, Majority, Traditional or Received? Or do these early Fathers quote from a small minority of conflicting manuscripts known as Alexandrian, Western, Neutral, etc., i.e. the kind of manuscripts which Drs. Westcott and Hort used over a hundred years ago to build their "revised" Greek New Testament? This Greek New Testament with its shift away from the received text has been the basis of nearly all 20th century translation.
A Survey of Leading Church Fathers
Polycarp (A.D. 69-155)
For many years he was the pastor of the church of Smyrna in Asia Minor. Irenaeus (130_200) states that he was a disciple of the Apostle John. In writing to the Philippian church (115), he makes about fifty clear quotations from many of the N.T. books. Of those quotations four are of passages which are contested between the two schools of thought. Of those four passages quoted all agree with the Received Text, and all disagree with the text arrived at by Westcott and Hort. He said, "Whoever perverts the sayings of the Lord, that one is the firstborn of Satan."
Polycarp’s Epistle to the Philippians
There are four places in this Epistle where Polycarp uses quotes from his copy of the sacred Scriptures which happen to be passages which are under debate between the two schools of thought concerning the conflict between the Authorized Version, 1611, and those versions coming essentially from the Westcott and Hort Greek Text, 1881.
Case 1 - Matthew 7:2
Polycarp: "The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians." Chapter II, "An Exhortation to Virtue." Paragraph 1, reference to Matthew 7:2, which is translated as, "with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again." (Italics are mine.)
In the Authorized Version (AV) of Matthew 7:2 it says, "For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again." (Italics are mine.) In the New International Version (NIV) Matthew 7:2 says, "For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you." Notice that the word ‘again’ is missing.
Going to the Greek for the reason, the Received Text or Textus Receptus (TR) renders the verse: evn w-| ga.r kri,mati kri,nete kriqh,sesqe kai. evn w-| me,trw| metrei/te avntimetrhqh,setai u`mi/n. Whereas the Greek of Westcott and Hort renders the verse: evn w-| ga.r kri,mati kri,nete kriqh,sesqe\ kai. evn w-| me,trw| metrei/te( metrhqh,setai u`mi/nÃ… The difference is in the second to the last word in the verses. The received text uses the word avntimetrhqh,setai which means to repay or give back a measure. The words "it will be measured ... again," represent this definition. Westcott and Hort use the word metrhqh,somai which means to measure out, apportion out, or give out. The words in the Westcott and Hort rendition "it will be measured" represent this definition.
Clearly Polycarp who authored this post-cannon epistle did not have the error of the later corrupted texts to use as his source of Scripture. He used a text consistent with the received text of Erasmus.
Case 2 - Romans 14:10
Polycarp: "The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians." Chapter VI, "The Duties of Presbyters and others." Paragraph 1, reference to Romans 14:10, the last phrase of which is translated, "we must all appear at the judgment-seat of Christ."
In the Authorized version Romans 14:10 says, "But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother, for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ." (Italics are mine.)
Whereas in the NIV Romans 14:10 says, "You, then, why do you judge your brother? Or why do you look down on your brother? For we will all stand before God's judgment seat." (Italics are mine.)
Again, going to the Greek for the reason, the received text renders the verse: Romans 14:10 su. de. ti, kri,neij to.n avdelfo,n sou h' kai. su. ti, evxouqenei/j to.n avdelfo,n sou pa,ntej ga.r parasthso,meqa tw/| bh,mati tou/ Cristou/Å The last word being the word for "of Christ." In the Westcott and Hort Greek Romans 14:10 is rendered, su. de. ti, kri,neij to.n avdelfo,n souÈ h' kai. su. ti, evxouqenei/j to.n avdelfo,n souÈ pa,ntej ga.r parasthso,meqa tw/| bh,mati tou/ qeou/. The last word is the word for the possessive, "God’s."
Polycarp was reading the same Scriptures in the early 2nd century which we have today preserved in the Authorized Version of 1611. The later (4th century) corrupted manuscripts from which Wescott and Hort draw their errors were not the Bible of Polycarp.
Case 3 - 1 John 4:3
Polycarp: "The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians." Chapter VII, "Persevere in Fasting and Prayer." Paragraph 1, reference to 1 John 4:3, "For whosoever does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh, is antichrist." (Italics are mine.)
The Authorized Version gives 1 John 4:3 "And every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that spirit of antichrist." The NIV renders 1 John 4:3 "But every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist."
Again the problem between the two versions lays in the Greek. The received text has the name VIhsou/n Cristo.n (Jesus Christ), whereas the corrupted manuscripts from which the new versions are drawn gives the name Vihsou/n (Jesus) only.
Polycarp’s copy of the First Epistle of John was certainly acquired first-hand from the Apostle, himself, as John discipled Polycarp. But the fact that is most comforting is that the words found in Polycarp’s Epistle are the same as we have today in the Authorized, 1611, King James Bible.
Case 4 - Ephesians 4:26
Polycarp: "The Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians." Chapter XII, "Exhortation to Various Graces." Paragraph 1, reference to Ephesians 4:26 "Let not the sun go down upon your wrath." (Italics are mine.)
In the Authorized Version Ephesians 4:26 says, "let not the sun go down upon your wrath:" whereas in the NIV Ephesians 4:26 says, "Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry."
The difference is found in the inclusion of the definite article (tw/|) before the word for wrath (parorgismw`) in the received text: ovrgi,zesqe kai. mh. a`marta,nete\ o` h[lioj mh. evpidue,tw evpi. tw/| parorgismw/| u`mw/n, as opposed to the article being missing in the corrupted text of Westcott and Hort ovrgi,zesqe kai. mh. a`marta,nete\ o` h[lioj mh. evpidue,tw evpi. parorgismw/| u`mw/n. The article places emphasis upon the word for wrath, making it, "wrath," the object of the sentence, rather than the phrase "while you are still angry."
Again it is shown that the received text, Textus Receptus, of Erasmus, from which the Authorized, King James Bible is drawn, is consistent with the text being used in the beginning of the second century by Polycarp.
Irenaeus (A.D. 130-200)
He was a western Father, born in Asia Minor, and in his youth was a disciple of the aged Polycarp. He labored for some years in Lyons (Gaul) and because its bishop in 177. He accused heretics of corrupting the Scriptures. His major work Against Heretics (c. 185) is about equal in volume to the writings of all the preceding church Fathers put together. He quotes the last twelve verses of Mark. He quotes from every N.T. book except Philemon and III John. Thus the dimensions of the New Testament canon recognized by Irenaeus are very close to what we hold today. Irenaeus said, "The doctrines of the apostles had been handed down by the succession of bishops being guarded and preserved, without any forging of the Scriptures, allowing neither additions nor curtailment." He demonstrates his concern for the accuracy of the text by defending the traditional reading of a single letter. The question is whether John wrote 666 or 616 in Rev. 13:18. Irenaeus asserts that 666 is found "in all the most approved and ancient copies" and that "those men who saw John face to face" bear witness to it. And he warns "there shall be no light punishment upon him who either adds or subtracts anything from the Scriptures." Considering Polycarp's friendship with John, his personal copy of Revelation would probably have been taken from the Autograph. And considering Irenaeus' veneration for Polycarp, his personal copy was probably taken from Polycarp's. Since 1881, the word "vinegar" in Mt. 27:34 has been despised as a "late Byzantine" reading. There are seven early witnesses against it. Irenaeus is one of the eighteen witnesses for it. Contrary to Hort's view, Miller found that Irenaeus sided with the TR 63 times and with the WH 41 times.
Case 1 - Matthew 5:27
Irenaeus, p477, quotes Matthew 5:27, "It has been said to them of old time," (Italics are mine).
The Authorized Version, 1611 gives Matthew 5:27 "Ye have heard that it was said by them of old time, Thou shalt not commit adultery:" (Italics are mine). In the NIV Matthew 5:27 is given as, "You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' The words "of old time" are not used.
In the Greek texts the reason for this difference is soon discovered. The TR, VHkou,sate o[ti evrre,qh toi/j avrcai,oij( Ouv moiceu,seij, has the words "toi/j avrcai,oij" which mean of old time. Whereas the Westcott and Hort text are missing those words: example, VHkou,sate o[ti evrre,qh( Ouv moiceu,seijÃ….
Irenaeus is quoting the Scriptures from the same source that we have today, the reliable Word of God, the received text, the same family of manuscripts from which we receive the King James Bible, the TR.
Case 2 - John 1:18
Irenaeus Against Heresies, Book III, Chapter 6. For "no man," he says, "hath seen God at any time," unless "the only_begotten Son of God, which is in the bosom of the Father, He hath declared [Him]."
This passage is a quote from John 1:18. It is in full agreement with the Authorized Version 1611, which says, "No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him." The NIV gives this passage as, "No one has ever seen God, but God the One and Only, who is at the Father's side, has made him known."
The reason for the difference is found in the underlying texts of these two versions. The TR renders the Greek as, "qeo.n ouvdei.j e`w,raken pw,pote\ o` monogenh.j ui`o,j( o` w'n eivj to.n ko,lpon tou/ patro.j evkei/noj evxhgh,sato." Whereas the Greek decided upon by Westcott and Hort is rendered, "Qeo.n ouvdei.j e`w,raken pw,pote\ monogenh.j qeo.j o` w'n eivj to.n ko,lpon tou/ patro.j evkei/noj evxhgh,sato." The seventh word in the TR is the word ui`o,j, for son, whereas the Westcott and Hort Greek has the word qeo.j, translated God.
Irenaeus had a copy of the Gospel of John which he probably received or copied from Polycarp, who discipled him, and Polycarp most certainly received his copy directly from the human author of the gospel, the Apostle John, who had discipled Polycarp. It seems obvious that if anyone in the second century had a true copy of that gospel, it would be Irenaeus.
Tertullian (145-220), a contemporary of Irenaeus, in his defense against heresies of the faith also quotes this verse with the Son of God being the One who knew Him. Hippolytus (170-236) also quotes this passage as being the Son who was in the bosom of the Father and declared Him. Origen (185-254), a youngster at the time of the death of Irenaeus and anything but a friend to our receiving the inerrant Word of God today, quotes this verse using, again, the received text reading of Son. Gregory (205-265) also quoted it with Son.
Case 3 - John 8:59
From the "Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus," page 576, referring to John 8:59 Irenaeus writes, "so again did He pass through the midst of those who sought to injure Him."
In the Authorized, 1611, King James Version John 8:59 reads, "Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by." The reading of the NIV in John 8:59 is, "At this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself, slipping away from the temple grounds." Comparing the Greek texts, the TR renders John 8:59 h=ran ou=n li,qouj i[na ba,lwsin evp auvto,n\ VIhsou/j de. evkru,bh kai. evxh/lqen evk tou/ i`erou/ dielqw.n dia. me,sou auvtw/n\ kai. parh/gen ou[twjÃ… and the Westcott and Hort Greek renders John 8:59 h=ran ou=n li,qouj i[na ba,lwsin evpV auvto,n\ VIhsou/j de. evkru,bh( kai. evxh/lqen evk tou/ i`erou/( The additional words of the Received Text (dielqw.n dia. me,sou auvtw/n\ kai. parh/gen ou[twjÃ…) have the meaning "Went through the midst of them and passed by."
It is apparent that the text of Irenaeus again contained words which are peculiar to the TR which was according to Westcott and Hort not even dreamed of for another two hundred years. It is true that Irenaeus had the true text of the Bible given him by Polycarp, the Apostle John’s disciple. And we know that the Apostle John had the true autograph copy of the book of John, for he was its author. We can with equal assurance proclaim that the Received Text is the very Word of God.
Case 4 - Acts 3:6
Irenaeus in the book on Heresies, page 430, quotes Acts 3:6 as "Silver and gold I have none; but such as I have give I thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, rise up and walk." (Italics mine) The Authorized, 1611, King James Version reads Acts 3:6 "Then Peter said, Silver and gold have I none; but such as I have give I thee: In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth rise up and walk." And the NIV quotes Acts 3:6 "Then Peter said, Silver or gold I do not have, but what I have I give you. In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, walk." Comparing the Greek, the Received Text Acts 3:6 ei=pen de. Pe,troj VArgu,rion kai. crusi,on ouvc u`pa,rcei moi o] de. e;cw tou/to, soi di,dwmi\ evn tw/| ovno,mati VIhsou/ Cristou/ tou/ Nazwrai,ou evgei/rai kai. peripa,tei And the Westcott and Hort Greek for Acts 3:6 reads ei=pen de. Pe,troj( VArgu,rion kai. crusi,on ouvc u`pa,rcei moi\ o] de. e;cw( tou/to, soi di,dwmiÃ… evn tw/| ovno,mati VIhsou/ Cristou/ tou/ Nazwrai,ou peripa,teiÃ… The difference between the two is the word evgei/rai which means rise up.
Irenaeus has a reasonably new copy of the book of Acts authored by Luke in his possession and it agrees totally with what I have for my Bible, nearly two thousand years later: the Authorized, 1611, King James Bible!!!
Thoughts?
BibleJunky