*Are Men Called "Gods" in Scripture?*
The Bible in both Old and New Testaments explicitly and
repeatedly affirms that there is only one God (e.g.,Deut. 4:35-39;
Isa. 43:10; 44:6-8; 1 Cor. 8:4-6; 1 Tim. 2:5; James 2:19).
Therefore, the Bible most definitely rejects any sort of
polytheism, including henotheism.
The Scriptures also very clearly teach that God is an
absolutely unique being who is distinct from the world as its
Creator (e.g.,Gen. 1:1; John 1:3; Rom. 1:25; Heb. 11:3). This
teaching rules out pantheism and panentheism, according to which
the world is either identical to God or an essential aspect of God.
Since He is eternal, omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient, God
is totally unique, so that there is none even like God (e.g.,Ps.
102:25-27; Isa. 40-46; Acts 17:24-28).[17] The Bible, then,
unmistakably teaches a monotheistic world view.
In the face of so many explicit statements that there is only
one God, and in light of His uniqueness, it may seem surprising
that anyone would claim that the Bible teaches that men are gods.
However, there are a few passages in Scripture which seem to call
men "god" or "gods." Most or all of these, however, are irrelevant
to any doctrine of deification. In practice, the question of
whether the Bible ever calls men "gods" in a positive sense focuses
exclusively on Psalm 82:6 ("I said, 'you are gods'") and its
citation by Jesus in John 10:34-35.
The usual view among biblical expositors for centuries is that
Psalm 82 refers to Israelite judges by virtue of their position as
judges representing God; it is, therefore, a figurative usage which
applies only to those judges and does not apply to men or even
believers in general. If this interpretation is correct, Psalm 82:6
is also irrelevant to any doctrine of Christian deification.
An alternative interpretation agrees that the "gods" are
Israelite judges, but sees the use of the term "gods" as an ironic
figure of speech. Irony is a rhetorical device in which something
is said to be the case in such a way as to make the assertion seem
ridiculous (compare Paul's ironic "you have become kings" in 1
Corinthians 4:8, where Paul's point is that they had _not_ become
kings). According to this interpretation, the parallel description
of the "gods" as "sons of the Most High" (which, it is argued, is
not in keeping with the Old Testament use of the term "sons" of
God), the condemnation of the judges for their wicked judgment, and
especially the statement, "Nevertheless, you will die as men," all
point to the conclusion that the judges are called "gods" in irony.
If the former interpretation is correct, then in John 10:34-35
Jesus would be understood to mean that if God called wicked judges
"gods" how much more appropriate is it for Him, Jesus, to be called
God, or even the Son of God. If the ironic interpretation of Psalm
82:6 is correct, then in John 10:34-35 Jesus' point would still be
basically the same. It is also possible that Jesus was implying
that the Old Testament application of the term "gods" to wicked
judges was fulfilled (taking "not to be broken" to mean "not to be
unfulfilled," cf. John 7:23) in Himself as the true Judge (cf. John
5:22,27-30; 9:39).[18] Those wicked men were, then, at best called
"gods" and "sons of the Most High" in a special and figurative
sense; and at worst they were pseudo-gods and pseudo-sons of God.
Jesus, on the other hand, is truly God (cf. John 1:1,18; 20:28; 1
John 5:20) and the unique Son of God (John 10:36; 20:31; etc.)
Neither the representative nor the ironic interpretation of
Psalm 82 allows it (or John 10:34-35) to be understood to teach
that men were created or redeemed to be gods. Nor is there any
other legitimate interpretation which would allow for such a
conclusion. The Israelite judges were wicked men condemned to death
by the true God, and therefore were not by any definition of
deification candidates for godhood.
If, then, the deification of man is to be found in Scripture,
it will have to be on the basis of other biblical texts or themes,
as Scripture gives men the title of "gods" only in a figurative or
condemnatory sense.
http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/tex ... j0018a.txt