That's a really interesting aspect too, how cultural language conventions impact the meaning of words. Dictionaries exist for that purpose: it is to establish an official rule of the meaning of words, to help resolve disputes:
Definition of basement
the part of a building that is wholly or partly below ground level; the ground floor facade or interior in Renaissance architecture; the lowest or fundamental part of something; specifically : the rocks underlying stratified rocks… See the full definition
www.merriam-webster.com
1
: the part of a building that is wholly or partly below ground level
2
: the ground floor facade or interior in Renaissance architecture
3
: the lowest or fundamental part of somethingspecifically
: the rocks underlying stratified rocks
4chiefly New England
: a toilet or washroom especially in a school
5a
: a low state, rank, or condition
cel·lar | \ ˈse-lər \
Definition of cellar (Entry 1 of 2)
1a: a room or set of rooms below the ground floor of a building : BASEMENT
There's storage space in the cellar.
b(1): a room for storing wines : WINE CELLAR
(2): a stock of wines
a restaurant with an impressive cellar
2: the lowest grade or rank
especially : the lowest place in the standings (as of an athletic league)
The team spent most of last year in the cellar.
cellar verb
cellared; cellaring
Definition of cellar (Entry 2 of 2)
1transitive : to put or keep (something, such as wine or cheese) in a cellar for storage or aging
Each batch is handmade to achieve a delicate soft texture, then cellared for a month to complete the aging …
— Juliet Harbutt
2intransitive : to be stored in a cellar : to undergo aging while being stored in a cellar
Perfectly drinkable now, but will cellar nicely for another 3–5 years.
— Wine Enthusiast Magazine
Synonyms
Synonyms for cellar
Synonyms: Noun
basementVisit the Thesaurus for More
Examples of cellar in a Sentence
Noun
The cellar has a dirt floor.
a restaurant with an impressive cellar
Recent Examples on the Web: Noun
In this manner, the spirit allegedly revealed that he had been murdered for money some five years previously and been buried in the cellar of the Fox house.
— Casey Cep, The New Yorker, 24 May 2021
The ultimate goal is to reach a point where, when perfectly ripe on the vine, the fruit will need a very light hand in the cellar.
— Sara L. Schneider, Robb Report, 3 May 2021
First Known Use of cellar
Noun
13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a
Verb
circa 1551, in the meaning defined at sense 1
History and Etymology for cellar
Noun
Middle English celer "storeroom, underground chamber," borrowed from Anglo-French, "storeroom," going back to Latin cellārium, from cella "store, larder, small room" + -ārium -ARY entry 1
“Cellar.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cellar. Accessed 5 Jun. 2021.
So they list cellar as a synonym to basement, but they also show that it has its root in the function of the space "for storing food or coal". Whereas the word "basement" is the base layer of the building, so it is more about its place than its use.