Jasonc is correct...the 1st and 2nd century Jewish Rabbis made a summation of their traditional understanding in the form of a paraphrased Tanakh (Old Testament) in the Aramaic tongue...these were called Targums....The Word there is called "the Memra" who was to them a hypostasis or manifestation of YHVH Himself...when ever the Lord "APPEARS" or SPEAKS" audibly it was fir them, always the Memra (the Word...Logos is the closest word in Greek)...in other words the Word is the visible image of the invisible God...
For example when YHVH is manifest and sitting in Abraham's tent they interpret in the Targum Jonathan on Genesis 19:24 “and the Memra (Word) of YHVH caused to descend upon the people of Sodom and Gomorrah, brimstone and fire from the YHVH in heaven“. So YHVH can be in heaven (we call Him the Father) and yet here manifest on earth (We call Him the Son) without ceasing to be the one and only YHVH and without becoming divided in substance or essential nature.
Here are some other examples...
On Exodus 24:1, The Targum Jonathan understands the scripture to be saying, “the Word of YHVH said to Moses, come up to YHVH“, and just previously in 20:1, he said, “and the Word of the LORD spoke all these glorious words“! Targum Onkelos renders Genesis 15:6 as, “and Abraham trusted in the Word of YHVH, and He counted it to him for righteousness“, while the Jerusalem Targum on Genesis 22:14 says, “and Abraham worshipped and prayed in the name of the Word of YHVH. In Genesis 16:3 he has Hagar praying “in the name of the Word of YHVH“, as if God had made Himself seeable, and yet she was not consumed!
Targum Onkelos on Genesis 28 reveals to us that the Memra (the Word) was Jacob’s God. The one with whom He wrestled (in the form of a man) and about whom he said "I have seen God face to face”. In Psalm 62:9 He is David’s God as well. Targum Jonathan says “the Memra of YHVH created man in His likeness, in the likeness of YHVH, YHVH created...”. In the Jerusalem Targum the Word is the “I Am“ of Exodus 3:14! If the Targumim were correct then all the “I Am with you”passages are referring to the Word or Memra, thus Immanu-El.
According to the Targumim, Hosea 1:7 says that God will save the House of Judah by the Word of YHVH and Isaiah 45:17 and 25 also tells us that the true Israel shall be saved by the Word of YHVH, “with an everlasting salvation” (yeshuah), and that “by the Word of YHVH...shall all the offspring of Israel be justified“.
So in effect, John was not borrowing this notion of "the Word" from some Greek philosophia or mystery religion (as many moderns of the Critical School espouse), but was following an acceptable traditionally Jewish understanding of YHVH and was saying to all those unbelieving Jewish people of the diapora "Hey folks, this Jesus IS the Memra...who is both with God AND IS God...the glory of the Father tabernacling (dwelt = skeenoo = to pitch tent) among us...
brother Paul