May I jump in? Huh? May I?
I'll take the liberty and jump with confidence.
Heb 8 was the first that was quoted (in rebuttal) I think -- but even if it wasn't maybe it should have been. The "New Covenant" has never been a significant feature of Jewish eschatology, other than the belief that eventually all Jews will know and follow the Torah without the need to study (Jer 31:32-33). Paul certainly knew this. He was summarizing (see Heb 8:1) and he quoted Jeremiah 31. I'd like to quote these two scriptures for the sake of the discussion (even though they have been quoted before):
The Prophecy through the Prophet Jeremiah starts by touching on the subject,
"The Sins of the Father, the Sins of the Son" (but that's a different study all together, yes?)
- In those days they shall say no more, "The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge."[/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, "Know the LORD", for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name: [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever. [/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
- Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD.
Jeremiah 31:29-37 (KJV)[/*:m:3lw2a6xy]
BTW: The heavens
can not be measured - even with our most advanced telescopes searching the heavens day and night -- it is estimated that we have not seen yet a BILLIONTH of the stars in Creation. We are taught that the stars at the furthest reaches of space will never be seen because they are traveling away from us (and according to scientists it would take billions of light years for their light to reach the earth).
The immutability of the law was known by the Jews of the day and can be seen in Jer 33:25 when God states that His part of the bargain includes his covenant with the heavens itself. He goes on to say that He will not break His part of the law, the agreement, the Covenant, the Torah itself.
ENTER HERE, Paul, teaching that the law was about to be abolished. Note that when Paul said, "about to be abolished" he was speaking after the time that Jesus had died on the cross and after he was resurrected and after he (Paul) had witnessed this.
For the sake of brevity I'll quote only Heb 8:1 & 13:
Heb 8:1 Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens;
Heb 8:13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
Understand that to the Jewish mind the covenant, the law, the Torah, was the entire agreement between G-d
(I say it like that because they said it like that) and man. Scholars at the time broke it down to various agreements (all agreements) made between God and man. The Adamic, Noahic, Abrahamic, the covenant to Jacob in his dream, Mosaic, the Covenant to Lot (King David was only allowed to rule over that land (formally the land of Moab) because he was a descendant of Ruth the Moabitess), the Israel Covenant (to the children of Israel, also called the Palestinian Covenant), The Davidic Covenant, the "Future Covenant" (spoken of by the Prophet Jeremiah and quoted by Paul).
Scholars copied each part of the "Torah" and worked diligently to preserve every aspect of their only hope. They were not questioning the truth of what Jesus taught, that man lives not by bread alone but by every word that proceedeth from the mouth of God - but only that the man was unlearned. He had not been taught as they were, was not a Rabbi with a
Smicha (Jewish ordination). Pharisees worked toward keeping their part of the Torah in order to compel the "Shekhinah Glory of G-d" to return to the Temple. Shekhinah (שכינ×â€) means the dwelling place and is used to denote the settling presence of God.
Can we see, that even at the time that Paul was writing, the law was only said to be "ready to vanish away"?
This then to me is the "starting point", yes?
I agree with Paul that I am no longer bound by the ordinance but instead by grace. In point of fact, even though the law was a 'Master' with a purpose - to lead us to Jesus, Grace was given to all those who followed it (with God-Trust in their hearts), even though they lived on earth before the Passover was fulfilled. Still, the point is the point. It isn't by our righteousness that we are saved but instead it is God-Trust, as was the case for Abraham (who trusted God) so also is the case for Jesus, Paul and even me. We are saved by our belief (our faith) through Grace. We, the beggerly elements of the earth, the lowly parts, are saved to show forth the Shekhinah glory of our Father. We are given the right and authority to become like Christ, even though we know not what we will be - we are assured that we will be like HIM! We are the temple, yes? We don't know in what watch the Master of the house will come - will it be in the first watch or the third? We do know that the Lord is not slow (like men) but is unwilling that any [given to him] should perish. We are told to "Watch therefore and be diligent". To remain in the grace and peace of them that established us for the purpose that God has proposed -- the harvest and revealing of the saints in that day.