The story of Genesis 38 tells of the story of Tamar's twin Birth. (The Basis for the Story actually starts earlier with Abraham) Anyways, Judah's hypocritical betrayal and sin lead to this.
Genesis 38:27-30 states
That Tamar bore Judah twin sons. During the delivery, a hand of one of the twinscame out first, which the midwife tied a scarlet thread to identify the firstborn, (who wascustomarily preeminent when it came to inheritance rights). But the baby pulled his hand back and his brother came out first. The midwife exclaimed: “How did you break through? This breach [or breaking out] be upon you!." Meaning, “You are to be identified with this from now on.†And to ensure it the child was named Perez (or Pharez), meaning “Breach.†Then the baby with the scarlet thread on his hand was bornâ€â€and he was named Zerah (or Zarah), meaning “Rising†or “Appearing,†perhaps because his hand had appeared first.
Genesis 49:9-10 states
Joseph received the birthright, Jacob’s son Judah, father of the Jews, kept the promise of a kingly line leading to the Messiah and David's earthly descendants. Jacob prophesied: “Judah is a lion’s whelp ... The scepter [ruler’s staff] shall not depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, until Shiloh comes “Peacemaker†or “To Whom It (the Scepter) Belongs,†a reference to the Messiah, AND to Him shall be the obedience of the people.â€Â
So until Christ came there had to be a RULER OF DAVID on the THRONE. Which wasn't the case in the nation of Israel after there defeat by the Babylonians. So, either God is a Liar, leaving a gap, or most of modern interpretations are false. I do believe the ancient's knew this also. Nebuchadnezar, beleived he had defeated God when he killed the last of David's line through Pharez. But Zarah's descendants still were alive and unbeknowest to Nebochadnezar, the king's line could pass through a female if no male descendants were found. The act of the women of the half tribe of Manasseh pleading with Moses is a prime example. The Problem many Modern Evangelicals Have is that they can't distinguish between promises God made to the Israel and the Church, Let alone the Distintion Between THE HOUSE OF ISRAEL and THE HOUSE of JUDAH!
Foriegn rulers in ancient times had absolute rule and authority many times, the kings of Israel didn't. God had Samuel anoint Saul as the captain over His people. The Hebrew term nagiyd can be rendered in English as a viceroy or governor-general, someone who stands or represents the real monarch. The very act of anointing a ruler of Israel in the ancient implies a vassal relationship. The Stone of Scone, Lia Fial or Jacob's Pillar comes into play, here but I'll leave that for another time. The King's of Israel “sat on the throne of the LORD,†as a co-regant 1 Chr 9:6-8, 29:23. In Israel, God’s prophet explained “the rights and duties of the kingship†1 Sam 8:25. The ruler was subject to the law Deut 17:14-20. The Almighty set up a constitutionally limited monarchy, in which He would send prophets as His representatives to the king to make known his wishes. Saul, the peoples choice, tragically failed and God removed him from office by bringing about his death.
God’s promise to David (2 Sam 7:15-16) that his kingdom and throne would be established forever still stands. God even obligated Himself to this course no matter what Solomon did. His confirmation of the pledge in Psalms 89:3-4 states, “I have made a covenant with My chosen, I have sworn to My servant David: "Your seed I will establish forever, and build up your throne to all generations.†From this time forward, David would have a descendant sitting on a continuing throne ruling over Israel (at least in part, as a representative, physically) in every generation!
Psa 89:27-37 states, Also I will make him my firstborn, higher than the kings of the earth. My mercy will I keep for him forevermore, and my covenant shall stand fast with him. His seed also will I make to endure forever, and his throne as the days of heaven. If his children forsake my law, and walk not in my judgments; If they break my statutes, and keep not my commandments; Then will I visit their transgression with the rod, and their iniquity with stripes. Nevertheless my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. My covenant will I not break, nor alter the thing that is gone out of my lips. Once have I sworn by my holiness that I will not lie unto David. His seed shall endure forever, and his throne as the sun before me. It shall be established forever as the moon, and as a faithful witness in heaven. Selah.
Jer 33:19 states, “Thus says the LORD: If you can break My covenant with the day and My covenant with the night, so that there will not be day and night in their season, then My covenant may also be broken with David My servant, so that he shall not have a son [that is, a descendant] to reign on his throne.â€Â
Eze 37:16-22 states, Moreover, thou son of man, take thee one stick, and write upon it, For Judah, and for the children of Israel his companions: then take another stick, and write upon it, For Joseph, the stick of Ephraim, and for all the house of Israel his companions: And join them one to another into one stick; and they shall become one in thine hand. And when the children of thy people shall speak unto thee, saying, Wilt thou not show us what thou meanest by these? Say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the stick of Joseph, which is in the hand of Ephraim, and the tribes of Israel his fellows, and will put them with him, even with the stick of Judah, and make them one stick, and they shall be one in mine hand. And the sticks whereon thou writest shall be in thine hand before their eyes. And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land: And I will make them one nation in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all:
This is still future, God saw them as two distinct people, and he'll still keep his promise physically to a physical Israel. This is just the tip of the Iceberg, I hope you get my drift. I could spend probably 25 more pages just on this subject, easy, but for now, I'll just let TimFromPA, finish it from here, since we've talked a little about this, and he and I probably see eye to eye on most of this subject.