Heb 6:4 corrected translation
“For it is impossible…those who have once been enlightened and have partaken of the heavenly gift and have become partners with the Holy Spirit,”
Explanation:
1.
“For it is impossible…those [believers] who have once been enlightened”
a. The writer continues with an example of a believer who does not advance to spiritual maturity. The entire sentence is contained in verses 4-6, and so we will not have a complete translation until verse six. In the meantime, we will deal with each qualifying phrase.
b. The basic core of the sentence is the fact that “it is impossible” to do something, which will be explained in verse six as renewing/restoring the inner man of the believer, as per 2 Cor 4:16, “Therefore, we do not despair, but although our outer man is being destroyed, yet our inner man is being renewed [the synonymous verb ANAKAINOW is used here] day after day.” Compare also Col 3:10, “and put on the new man, who is being renewed [ANAKAINOW] for the purpose of epignosis knowledge according to the image of the One who created him.”
c. The implied subject of this sentence is God the Holy Spirit, who is the mentor and helper of the believer after salvation.
d. The first qualifying phrase is
those who have once been enlightened.
(1) The subject “those who” refers to believers in the Lord Jesus Christ. We know these are believers, because only believers have partaken of the heavenly gift of eternal salvation and have become partners with the Holy Spirit (the next two qualifying phrases).
(2) The enlightening is the ministry of common grace to every believer, in which God the Holy Spirit makes the gift of eternal salvation a reality in the mind of the person who has heard the gospel message.
(3) The temporal adverb
once refers to that one time when the person who believes in Christ first understands the reality of eternal salvation through faith in Christ. At the point of faith in Christ, the believer is saved, and God the Holy Spirit makes this new spiritual status a reality in the mind of the believer. He has been enlightened by God the Holy Spirit to the fact he has eternal life.
(4) Efficacious grace and eternal salvation become a reality in the mind of the person who has believed in Christ. This is the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit, which begins at the point of salvation and continues through the teaching ministry of the Holy Spirit for the rest of the believer’s life.
e. Every person who believes in Christ has been enlightened by God the Holy Spirit at least once in their spiritual life—at the point of salvation. This is the function of common and efficacious grace. This is mentioned as well in Heb 10:32, “But remember the former days, when, after being enlightened, you endured a great conflict of sufferings.”
f. The unbeliever is said in 2 Cor 4:3-4 to not be enlightened, “And even if our gospel is veiled, and it is, it is hidden from those who are being destroyed, in whom, the god of this age has blinded their unbelieving minds, that they might not see distinctly and discern the truth [illumination] of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” Compare verse 6, “Because God [Holy Spirit] who said, ‘Light shine forth out of darkness, [is] the One who shines forth in our hearts for the purpose of the illumination of the knowledge of the glory of God [the Father] because of the person of Jesus Christ.’”
2.
“and have partaken of the heavenly gift [eternal salvation]”
a. The second qualifying phrase refers to the believer receiving the greatest gift of God, which is eternal salvation. As we have already seen, eternal salvation is called “the gift of God” in Eph 2:8. This is also mentioned in Jn 4:10, “Jesus answered and said to her, ‘If you knew the gift of God, and who it is who says to you, “Give Me a drink,” you would have asked Him, and He would have given you living water.’”
b. Every believer in Christ has partaken of eternal salvation. The culminative aorist indicates that the subject has already completed the action of tasting or partaking. The action of being saved already occurred for the believer in the past.
c. The verb GEUOMAI means to
taste, to
come to know, to
partake of, or to
obtain a gift. Believers in time have completely and totally come to know, partaken of, and obtained the gift of eternal life. We taste it now, and will continue to taste it forever.
3.
“and have become partners with the Holy Spirit,”
a. The third qualifying phrase is that all believers have become partners with the Holy Spirit.
b. This is a reference to the indwelling and filling of the Holy Spirit.
c. All Church Age believers are in partnership with God the Holy Spirit in the execution of the spiritual life.
d. All believers are indwelt with the Spirit and will always be indwelt by the Spirit.
e. This same concept is mentioned in:
(1) Phil 2:1, “Therefore, if there is any encouragement in Christ, and there is, if there is any comfort from love, and there is, if there is any fellowship [association, partnership] with the Spirit, and there is, if there is any affections [emotional response to doctrine] and mercies, and there are,…”
(2) 2 Pet 1:4, “Through which things [pertaining to the spiritual life] He has bestowed on us His precious and great promises, in order that through these things you may become partners of the divine nature, after you have escaped from the corruption in the world because of lust.”
(3) 1 Cor 3:16, “Do you not understand that you are the temple of God, and the Spirit of God lives in you?”
(4) 1 Cor 6:19, “Or do you not understand that your body is the temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God and you are not your own?”
f. We are partners with the Holy Spirit in the execution of the spiritual life and the glorification of both God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ.
[1] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 22). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[2] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 1074). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[3] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 97). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[4] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 993). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[5] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 195). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[6] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 388). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[7] Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000).
A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature. (3rd ed.) (Page 642). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.