Danus said:
Who or what were the Nephilim? Specifically, where they offspring of angels and humans, or where they completely human? Additionally where they metaphorically, or literally, described in the bible?
Hello Danus,
There is no reason to extrapolate what we read in the Old Testament. It is obvious there are a lot information missing that would explain the composition of peoples in those eras. The same way in one period men lived very long as we see in the case of Adam all the way to Shem's generation, there were also physical variations as to the size of people. Those genes seemed to be preserved in Noah's and afterward when the Israelites encountered these kind of human beings as they entered the Promised land.
So nephilim, or nefalim are simply referred in KJV version of the Bible to the giants type of people. And again you can see there were other giant people referred by other Hebrew designations. Notice the ending ...im or ims.
See, for example:
Deut. 3: 11.
11 For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of giants; behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron; is it not in Rabbath of the children of Ammon? nine cubits was the length thereof, and four cubits the breadth of it, after the cubit of a man.
Deut. 2: 20 (20-21)
20 (That also was accounted a land of giants: giants dwelt therein in old time; and the Ammonites call them Zamzummims;
Deut. 2: 10 (10-11)
10 The Emims dwelt therein in times past, a people great, and many, and tall, as the Anakims;
As we can see, these are not metaphorical or mythical because the people of Israel have seen them, and in the case of Og, the king of Bashan, even his bed is described. Also, Goliath was one of those descents with genes of giant. The passages above show clearly that there were giants before and after the great flood.
As for the reference to sons of God as opposed to the sons of men, there is no reason to imagining some special creatures coming to earth and having intercourse with the daughters of men. The scriptures don't mention or even hint of such creatures.
When Adam was driven from the Garden of Eden, he called upon God and worship Him and taught his children to worship God and keep his commandments. The OT mentions God direct interactions with Adam and some his sons and daughters. See for example His dialog with Cain.
The OT also says that Adam and Eve begot many sons and daughters and they paired by marriage and started to fill the earth. It stands to reason, then, that some of those children would be faithful to God and others would not care, as for example, Cain. So, it would not be strange to say that those that followed God and kept His commandments and did everything He told them to do would be referred as the sons of God, because that is what they wanted to be. Therefore, it would be a differentiation between them and those that couldn't care less about the Father. And, so the faithful were called the sons and daughters of God and the others were the sons and daughters of men (because these chose not to be of God but rely on themselves).
An evidence of people that wanted to be like God can be seen in Genesis 5:3
"And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:"
Notice how the text stresses that Seth was in the likeness of his father (Adam) "after his image;" Were not Abel or Cain men just like Adam was? Weren't they begotten by a human being, therefore, in his likeness?
However, of Seth this is stressed indicating more then merely being of the same species. The scriptures shows that this was a son that walked righteously like his father, a man that followed the commandments of God. Furthermore, in verse 1 we read:
"This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him;" So the stress in verse 3 compares that Seth being begotten by Adam in his likeness, with Adam being begotten in the likeness of God; which indicates that Seth was righteous as his father Adam, and therefore he could truly be called a son of God. And there were many others that were faithful as Seth was. They were the sons and daughters of God.
You can see that the real difference is truly between two fundamental concepts: Divine (of God) and mundane (of the world/men).
In time, younger generations of the followers of God fell into the temptation of the world and decided to mingle with the world by marrying their daughters. It is easy to see that the children of these marriages would be less inclined to follow the precepts of God. And so it was that, gradually the people of God were almost extinct except for Noah and his family.
mamre