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Trinitarian Ontology... What is it?

I've heard from some Trinitarians that YHWH has no personality. This is necessary for the Trinity because YHWH is 3 seperate somethings... But I'm not sure what.

According to Trinitarians, what are the 3 somethings that make up the 1 God, YHWH? Are they persons, beings, essences, substances, something else? And what is YHWH if not a person?

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Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is: ‘Hear, O Israel, YHWH our Elohim, YHWH is 1. And you shall love YHWH your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment."

Luke 4:18 (Jesus reads from a scroll in the synagogue.)
"The Spirit of the YHWH is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,"
Psalm 84:2
My soul longs, yes, even faints For the courts of YHWH; My heart and my flesh cry out for the living God.
Matthew 16:16
Simon Peter answered and said, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
Matthew 22
43 He said to them, “How then does David in the Spirit call Him ‘Lord,’ saying:
44 ‘YHWH said to my Lord,
“Sit at My right hand,
Till I make Your enemies Your footstool” ’?
Mark 12:25-27(Jesus speaking to the pharisees, quoting scripture)
‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’? 27 He is not the God of the dead, but the God of the living. You are therefore greatly mistaken.”
John 17:3 (Jesus speaking to his God and Father)
And this is eternal life, that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.
John 20:17
Jesus said to her, “Do not cling to Me, for I have not yet ascended to My Father; but go to My brethren and say to them, ‘I am ascending to My Father and your Father, and to My God and your God.’
 
I've heard from some Trinitarians that YHWH has no personality. This is necessary for the Trinity because YHWH is 3 seperate somethings... But I'm not sure what.
I've never heard any Trinitarian say that YHWH has no personality. That doesn't make sense.

According to Trinitarians, what are the 3 somethings that make up the 1 God, YHWH? Are they persons, beings, essences, substances, something else? And what is YHWH if not a person?
Three persons, for lack of a better term, within the one being that is God. All of the same substance, each truly and fully God, yet distinct one from the other, being coequal and coeternal.

Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is: ‘Hear, O Israel, YHWH our Elohim, YHWH is 1. And you shall love YHWH your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment."
That commandment, from Deut. 6:4, is a statement of monotheism only, not ontology.

Luke 4:18 (Jesus reads from a scroll in the synagogue.)

Psalm 84:2

Matthew 16:16

Matthew 22

Mark 12:25-27(Jesus speaking to the pharisees, quoting scripture)

John 17:3 (Jesus speaking to his God and Father)

John 20:17
Yes, Jesus said a lot of things, all of which Trinitarians agree with.
 
I've never heard any Trinitarian say that YHWH has no personality. That doesn't make sense.


Three persons, for lack of a better term, within the one being that is God. All of the same substance, each truly and fully God, yet distinct one from the other, being coequal and coeternal.


That commandment, from Deut. 6:4, is a statement of monotheism only, not ontology.


Yes, Jesus said a lot of things, all of which Trinitarians agree with.
The scholars that are defending the triune concept on Christianity Stack exchange have said that YHWH has no personality.

They also say that God the Son(non biblical) is NOT coequal to his God and Father. Jesus tells us this many times. I think that is why they conceded this point. Paul tells us plainly that the Risen Son submits to his God in the end....

So YHWH has 3 or 1 personality according to how you understand the Trinity?
 
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The scholars that are defending the triune concept on Christianity Stack exchange have said that YHWH has no personality.
How do you know they are scholars?

They also say that God the Son(non biblical) is NOT coequal to his God and Father. Jesus tells us this many times. I think that is why they conceded this point. Paul tells us plainly that the Risen Son submits to his God in the end....
Two points need to be made. Firstly, in the ontological Trinity, as the Trinity necessarily exists in and of itself, there are three coequal, coeternal persons. Secondly, as God in human flesh, Jesus willingly submitted to the Father for the salvation of man. This is part of what is referred to as the economical Trinity--how each of the three persons relate and work in creation and salvation.

So YHWH has 3 or 1 personality according to how you understand the Trinity?
A basic, fundamental definition of the Trinity, as given by James R. White, is that "within the one Being that is God, there exists eternally three coequal and coeternal persons, namely, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit." At a minimum, that should be shared by all Trinitarians.
 
OK... Lets forget the self proclaimed "scholars" for a second.....
Does YHWH have 1 personality or 3?

And BTW...Why should the Children of God consider revelations to a James R White, more real than the direct revelation they receive of the Spirit through the Risen Son?

Also..... Who is the Risen Son's God in Rev. 3:12. And again the Risen Son submits to his God and Father in the end. So how does this demonstrate coequal?

Jesus never says he does anything himself. He says the opposite many many times. He shows us how to pray to his God and Father and he tells us to worship his Father as the 1 God in Spirit and Truth. I see no equal status by the words he spoke (which were his God's words).
 
OK... Lets forget the self proclaimed "scholars" for a second.....
Does YHWH have 1 personality or 3?
Three persons, one God.

And BTW...Why should the Children of God consider revelations to a James R White, more real than the direct revelation they receive of the Spirit through the Risen Son?
For one, White is an actual scholar. For another, he is simply stating in a sentence what the Bible reveals to us. And more than that, it is also in line with historical, orthodox Christianity which has been believed by thousands upon thousands of scholars and theologians, never mind lay people; it's not something he just made up on his own. Of course, a belief of the majority doesn't necessarily mean it is correct, but my point is that it isn't just a revelation to Dr. White.

What we have to make sense of, is the biblical revelation that the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God, each distinct one from the other, yet there is only one God. That is the whole reason for the doctrine of the Trinity and is what the definition given by Dr. White sums up.

Also..... Who is the Risen Son's God in Rev. 3:12. And again the Risen Son submits to his God and Father in the end. So how does this demonstrate coequal?
Again, consider the difference between the economical Trinity and the ontological Trinity. But, to limit yourself to just that verse in Revelation is to take things out of context, by ignoring not only things in the rest of Scripture, but in Revelation itself. First, consider these two passages:

Isa 44:6 Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. (ESV)

Isa 48:12 “Listen to me, O Jacob, and Israel, whom I called! I am he; I am the first, and I am the last. (ESV)

Notice also that these are not only statements of monotheism, God says, "I am the first and I am the last." And God says the same thing in Rev 1:8:

Rev 1:8I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” (ESV)

We then see Jesus say the following of himself in Revelation:

Rev 1:17 When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead. But he laid his right hand on me, saying, “Fear not, I am the first and the last,
Rev 1:18 and the living one. I died, and behold I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of Death and Hades. (ESV)

Rev 22:12 “Behold, I am coming soon, bringing my recompense with me, to repay each one for what he has done.
Rev 22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.” (ESV)

Jesus echoes the words of God, claiming a title that God uses of himself. That would be blasphemy if Jesus wasn't also truly God.

Jesus never says he does anything himself. He says the opposite many many times. He shows us how to pray to his God and Father and he tells us to worship his Father as the 1 God in Spirit and Truth. I see no equal status by the words he spoke (which were his God's words).
Again, this is the economical Trinity at work. As God in human flesh, as the God-man, he willingly submitted to the Father while on Earth for the plan of salvation. He is rightly calling the Father his God and relying on the Father, having voluntarily laid aside his divine prerogatives.

Jesus did say that "true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him" and that "God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth” (John 4:23-24, ESV). However, what does that actually look like and is there more to it?

We aren't to worship people:

Act 10:25 When Peter entered, Cornelius met him and fell down at his feet and worshiped him.
Act 10:26 But Peter lifted him up, saying, "Stand up; I too am a man." (ESV)

Angels aren't to be worshiped:

Rev 19:10 Then I fell down at his feet to worship him, but he said to me, “You must not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God.” For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy. (ESV)

Rev 22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me,
Rev 22:9 but he said to me, “You must not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God.” (ESV)

And all this we know from the Ten Commandments--we are only to worship God. Jesus himself told Satan that "it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve" (Matt 4:10, ESV). Yet, we see many instances of Jesus being worshiped:

Mat 2:11 And going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. (ESV)

Mat 14:31 Jesus immediately reached out his hand and took hold of him, saying to him, "O you of little faith, why did you doubt?"
Mat 14:32 And when they got into the boat, the wind ceased.
Mat 14:33 And those in the boat worshiped him, saying, "Truly you are the Son of God." (ESV)
(It is very important to also note here the use of "the Son of God".)

Mat 28:8 So they departed quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples.
Mat 28:9 And behold, Jesus met them and said, "Greetings!" And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him.
...
Mat 28:16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them.
Mat 28:17 And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted. (ESV)

Luk 24:50 Then he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them.
Luk 24:51 While he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven.
Luk 24:52 And they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, (ESV)

Joh 9:35 Jesus heard that they had cast him out, and having found him he said, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?"
Joh 9:36 He answered, "And who is he, sir, that I may believe in him?"
Joh 9:37 Jesus said to him, "You have seen him, and it is he who is speaking to you."
Joh 9:38 He said, "Lord, I believe," and he worshiped him. (ESV)
(Note that the context begins with Jesus miraculously healing of a man born blind and then asking the man if he believed "in the Son of Man.)

Not once does Jesus tell these people that they aren't supposed to do that, not once does he chastise them, which would be utter blasphemy if he wasn't truly God. God himself says of Jesus:

Heb 1:6 And again, when he brings the firstborn into the world, he says, "Let all God's angels worship him." (ESV)

It is clear that there is something else going on, something that Jesus being a mere man cannot account for.
 
Welcome to the forum Read Less Pray More ! :wave2

Jesus answered him, “The first of all the commandments is: ‘Hear, O Israel, YHWH our Elohim, YHWH is 1. And you shall love YHWH your Elohim with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ This is the first commandment."
I must ask is this a verse(s) from a bible ? It looks like Mark12:29-30, but I cannot find this in any translation online .
Help me out if you don't mind :) .
 
Welcome to the forum Read Less Pray More ! :wave2


I must ask is this a verse(s) from a bible ? It looks like Mark12:29-30, but I cannot find this in any translation online .
Help me out if you don't mind :) .
Deuteronomy 6:4-5 NASB
4“Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one!
5“You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might.
 
Three persons, one God.


For one, White is an actual scholar. For another, he is simply stating in a sentence what the Bible reveals to us. And more than that, it is also in line with historical, orthodox Christianity which has been believed by thousands upon thousands of scholars and theologians, never mind lay people; it's not something he just made up on his own. Of course, a belief of the majority doesn't necessarily mean it is correct, but my point is that it isn't just a revelation to Dr. White.

What we have to make sense of, is the biblical revelation that the Father is God, the Son is God, and the Holy Spirit is God, each distinct one from the other, yet there is only one God. That is the whole reason for the doctrine of the Trinity and is what the definition given by Dr. White sums up.


Again, consider the difference between the economical Trinity and the ontological Trinity. But, to limit yourself to just that verse in Revelation is to take things out of context, by ignoring not only things in the rest of Scripture, but in Revelation itself. First, consider these two passages:

Isa 44:6 Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. (ESV)

Isa 48:12 “Listen to me, O Jacob, and Israel, whom I called! I am he; I am the first, and I am the last. (ESV)

Notice also that these are not only statements of monotheism, God says, "I am the first and I am the last." And God says the same thing in Rev 1:8:

Rev 1:8I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God, “who is and who was and who is to come, the Almighty.” (ESV)

We then see Jesus say the following of himself in Revelation:

Rev 1:17 When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead. But he laid his right hand on me, saying, “Fear not, I am the first and the last,
Rev 1:18 and the living one. I died, and behold I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of Death and Hades. (ESV)

Rev 22:12 “Behold, I am coming soon, bringing my recompense with me, to repay each one for what he has done.
Rev 22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.” (ESV)

Jesus echoes the words of God, claiming a title that God uses of himself. That would be blasphemy if Jesus wasn't also truly God.


Again, this is the economical Trinity at work. As God in human flesh, as the God-man, he willingly submitted to the Father while on Earth for the plan of salvation. He is rightly calling the Father his God and relying on the Father, having voluntarily laid aside his divine prerogatives.

Jesus did say that "true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for the Father is seeking such people to worship him" and that "God is spirit, and those who worship him must worship in spirit and truth” (John 4:23-24, ESV). However, what does that actually look like and is there more to it?

We aren't to worship people:

Act 10:25 When Peter entered, Cornelius met him and fell down at his feet and worshiped him.
Act 10:26 But Peter lifted him up, saying, "Stand up; I too am a man." (ESV)

Angels aren't to be worshiped:

Rev 19:10 Then I fell down at his feet to worship him, but he said to me, “You must not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God.” For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy. (ESV)

Rev 22:8 I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me,
Rev 22:9 but he said to me, “You must not do that! I am a fellow servant with you and your brothers the prophets, and with those who keep the words of this book. Worship God.” (ESV)

And all this we know from the Ten Commandments--we are only to worship God. Jesus himself told Satan that "it is written, 'You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve" (Matt 4:10, ESV). Yet, we see many instances of Jesus being worshiped:

Mat 2:11 And going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh. (ESV)

Mat 14:31 Jesus immediately reached out his hand and took hold of him, saying to him, "O you of little faith, why did you doubt?"
Mat 14:32 And when they got into the boat, the wind ceased.
Mat 14:33 And those in the boat worshiped him, saying, "Truly you are the Son of God." (ESV)
(It is very important to also note here the use of "the Son of God".)

Mat 28:8 So they departed quickly from the tomb with fear and great joy, and ran to tell his disciples.
Mat 28:9 And behold, Jesus met them and said, "Greetings!" And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him.
...
Mat 28:16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them.
Mat 28:17 And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted. (ESV)

Luk 24:50 Then he led them out as far as Bethany, and lifting up his hands he blessed them.
Luk 24:51 While he blessed them, he parted from them and was carried up into heaven.
Luk 24:52 And they worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, (ESV)

Joh 9:35 Jesus heard that they had cast him out, and having found him he said, "Do you believe in the Son of Man?"
Joh 9:36 He answered, "And who is he, sir, that I may believe in him?"
Joh 9:37 Jesus said to him, "You have seen him, and it is he who is speaking to you."
Joh 9:38 He said, "Lord, I believe," and he worshiped him. (ESV)
(Note that the context begins with Jesus miraculously healing of a man born blind and then asking the man if he believed "in the Son of Man.)

Not once does Jesus tell these people that they aren't supposed to do that, not once does he chastise them, which would be utter blasphemy if he wasn't truly God. God himself says of Jesus:

Heb 1:6 And again, when he brings the firstborn into the world, he says, "Let all God's angels worship him." (ESV)

It is clear that there is something else going on, something that Jesus being a mere man cannot account for.
Great post!
:thumbsup
 
Great post!
:thumbsup
Thanks. I did miss one verse though:

Rev 21:6 And he said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give from the spring of the water of life without payment. (ESV)

That is, of course, God speaking. So, twice we see God say he is "the first and the last," twice that he is the "Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."

Three times we see Jesus claim to be "the first and the last" (Rev 1:17 is echoed in Rev 2:8), once that he is "the Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."
 
Thanks. I did miss one verse though:

Rev 21:6 And he said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give from the spring of the water of life without payment. (ESV)

That is, of course, God speaking. So, twice we see God say he is "the first and the last," twice that he is the "Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."

Three times we see Jesus claim to be "the first and the last" (Rev 1:17 is echoed in Rev 2:8), once that he is "the Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."
Wow.
OK Free.
I think we can all forgive you!

I'm copying this down BTW.
Made contact with a JW lately and I do believe this will come in handy!
☺️
 
Wow.
OK Free.
I think we can all forgive you!
Thanks. Lol!

I'm copying this down BTW.
Made contact with a JW lately and I do believe this will come in handy!
☺️
Feel free, of course. I put everything into Word to save all my arguments. It makes it easier to copy and paste and helps to be able to tweak things, since no two discussions are ever the same. It also allows me to continue to add different aspects as they come up (such as monotheism, the use of "I Am," or dealing with "all [other] things" in Col 1:16 with JWs) and helps me to refine and hone my arguments.

It is important to remember that Jesus never says, "I am God," likely as that would have caused confusion since he prayed to the Father, relied on the Father, and was going back to him, etc. However, he did use God's personal name, "I Am," for himself (John 8:24, 58), used God's titles for himself, and accepted worship that is due God alone.

This https://www.jw.org/en/library/bible/kingdom-interlinear-greek-translation/books/ will come in handy if Col 1:16 ("all other things," in the NWT) comes up. See also https://wol.jw.org/en/wol/binav/r1/lp-e. Their own interlinear shows that "other" is not in the Greek.

Of course, you may know all that and have those resources already.
 
Thanks. I did miss one verse though:

Rev 21:6 And he said to me, “It is done! I am the Alpha and the Omega, the beginning and the end. To the thirsty I will give from the spring of the water of life without payment. (ESV)

That is, of course, God speaking. So, twice we see God say he is "the first and the last," twice that he is the "Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."

Three times we see Jesus claim to be "the first and the last" (Rev 1:17 is echoed in Rev 2:8), once that he is "the Alpha and the Omega," and once that he is "the beginning and the end."
.............................................................
Is Jesus ‘Alpha and Omega’ in Rev. 22?

Now look again at Rev. 22:8-16. John is identified as the speaker in 22:8. The angel speaks in (:9). The angel apparently continues speaking in (:10). The angel may be still speaking in (:11) --- or it could be John or even someone else (as implied in verse 10 in the NAB,1970 ed.).

Now is the angel still speaking in (:12) or is it God, or is it Jesus, or even John? There is simply no way of telling who the speaker is from any of the early Bible manuscripts. It’s entirely a matter of translator’s choice. Some translators have decided it is the angel who continues to speak, and they punctuate it accordingly. So the JB, and NJB use quotation marks to show that these are all words spoken by the angel.

However, the RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millenium Bible, and TEV show by their use of quotation marks that someone else is now speaking in verse 12. Most Bibles indicate that the person who spoke verse 12 (whether God, angel, Jesus, or John) also spoke verse 13 (“I am Alpha and Omega”).

Now the big question is: Is it clear that the speaker(s) of verses 12 and 13 continues to speak? Some Bibles indicate this. But other respected trinitarian translations do not!

The RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millennium Bible, and TEV show (by quotation marks and indenting) that Rev. 22:14 and 15 are not the words of the speaker of verses 12 and 13 but are John’s words.

(The Jerusalem Bible and the NJB show us that the angel spoke all the words from verse 10 through verse 15.) Then they show Jesus as a new speaker beginning to speak in verse 16.

So, if you insist that the person speaking just before verse 16 is the same person who is speaking in verse 16, then, according to the trinitarian RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millennium Bible, and TEV, you are saying John is Jesus!!! (According to the JB and NJB you would be insisting that the angel is Jesus!)

And, just as the use of “I, John” indicated a new speaker in Revelation, so does the only other such usage in that same book. Yes, Rev. 22:16 - “I, Jesus” also introduces a new speaker. This means, of course, that the previous statement (“I am the Alpha and Omega”) was made by someone else!

Even the KJV translators have shown by their use of the word “his” in verse 14 that they didn’t mean that Jesus was the same speaker as the Alpha and Omega. The speaker of verse 13 is Almighty God. The comment in verse 14 of these Bibles (as literally translated from the Received Text) explains the importance of doing “His Commandments” (not “My Commandments”)! Therefore the speaker of verse 14 is obviously not God as clearly stated by those Bibles which were translated from the Received Text, e.g., KJV; NKJV; KJIIV; MKJV; Young’s Literal Translation; Webster Bible (by Noah Webster); and Revised Webster Bible. Lamsa’s translation (Holy Bible From the Ancient Eastern Text) also uses “him.“

So we can easily see that there is no reason to say Jesus spoke the words recorded at Rev. 22:13 (or the above-named trinitarian Bibles would surely have so translated it!) and, in fact, the context really identifies the speaker as being the same person who spoke at Rev. 1:8, God Almighty, Jehovah, the Father.
 
Worship as used in the Bible

The Greek word proskuneo (or proskyneo) is defined in the 1971 trinitarian United Bible Societies’ A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament, p. 154: “[Proskuneo] worship; fall down and worship, kneel, bow low, fall at another’s feet.”

Even the trinitarian W. E. Vine writes in his An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, p. 1247:

“PROSKUNEO ... to make obeisance, do reverence to (from pros, towards, and kuneo, to kiss), is the most frequent word rendered ‘to worship’. It is used for an act of homage or reverence (a) to God ...; (b) to Christ ...; (c) to a man, Matt. 18:26.”

“Obeisance,” of course, shows “respect, submission, or reverence” - Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, 1961.

Noted Bible scholar J. H. Thayer defines proskuneo:

“prop. to kiss the hand to (towards) one, in token of reverence ... hence in the N. T. by kneeling or prostration to do homage (to one) or make obeisance, whether in order to express respect or to make supplication. It is used a. of homage shown to men of superior rank [position] ... Rev. 3:9 .... b. of homage rendered to God and the ascended Christ, to heavenly beings [angels]” - p. 548, Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, Baker Book House Publ., 1977.

Hasting’s A Dictionary of the Bible tells us:

“Worship, both as [noun] and verb, was formerly used of reverence or honour done to men as well as to God …” - p. 941, vol. 4.

The Hebrew word most often translated “worship” is shachah, and it is usually rendered as proskuneo in the Greek Septuagint version of the Old Testament. Unger and White say of this word: “Shachah ... ‘to worship, prostrate oneself, bow down.’” And,

“The act of bowing down in homage done before a superior [in rank] or a ruler. Thus David ‘bowed’ himself [shachah] before Saul (1 Sam. 24:8). Sometimes it is a social or economic superior to whom one bows, as when Ruth ‘bowed’ [shachah] to the ground before Boaz (Ruth 2:10).” - Nelson’s Expository Dictionary of the Old Testament, 1980, Thomas Nelson Publ., p. 482.

Perhaps the most famous Biblical Hebrew scholar of all, Gesenius, tells us in Gesenius’ Hebrew-Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament, p. 813, (#7812), ‘Shachah’:

“(1) to prostrate oneself before anyone out of honor .... Those who used this mode of salutation fell on their knees and touched the ground with the forehead ..., and this honor was not only shown to superiors, such as kings and princes, 2 Sam. 9:8; but also to equals; Gen. 23:7.”

The act described by proskuneo (or shachah) was of bowing or kneeling, and it generally indicated an act of respect and a display of one’s willingness to submit to or serve another person who occupied a superior position, regardless of his nature (somewhat similar to a salute in the military today). It was done, of course, in its very highest sense to God alone, but it was also done, in a lower sense of the same word, to kings, angels, prophets, etc. That is why proskuneo is translated “prostrated himself before” at Matt. 18:26 NASB, even though the KJV uses “worship” there. Notice how other trinitarian translations render that verse (RSV and NIV for example) where a servant “worships” [proskuneo] his master. And that is why, in the account of the man blind from birth whom Jesus healed, we see that man giving proskuneo to Jesus at John 9:38. The ASV, in a footnote for John 9:38, says,

“The Greek word [proskuneo] denotes an act of reverence, whether paid to a creature, as here [Jesus], or to the Creator.”

We find David the King receiving equal worship with Jehovah God at 1 Chron. 29:20. Yes, the actual Hebrew of the original God-inspired scriptures says: "so the entire assembly praised Jehovah, the God of their fathers: they bowed low and worshiped [shachah] Jehovah AND THE KING." - cf. KJV.

The word 'worshiped' (shachah) used here is exactly the same word as used at 2 Chron. 7:3 (see The NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament, Zondervan, 1982). The praise of Jehovah included worship [shachah] of God and David! There is no separation of the two found here. They are inseparably bonded together in the very same expression of faith ("Jehovah and the king") and adoringly bathed in the same single united act of worship which recognizes and celebrates their one essence!

We also find David being worshiped at 2 Sam. 14:22. The Israelite Joab (whose name means 'Jehovah is the Father') actually worshiped David. The word used in the ancient Hebrew scriptures is shachah - the very same word translated "worship" at 2 Sam. 12:20 and 15:32 - see Strong's Concordance. This is also the same word used at 1 Kings 1:31 where the inspired word of God tells us that Bathsheba also worshiped David! - see Strong's.
 
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Is Jesus ‘Alpha and Omega’ in Rev. 22?

Now look again at Rev. 22:8-16. John is identified as the speaker in 22:8. The angel speaks in (:9). The angel apparently continues speaking in (:10). The angel may be still speaking in (:11) --- or it could be John or even someone else (as implied in verse 10 in the NAB,1970 ed.).
Agreed. I believe it's the angel from 9-11.

Now is the angel still speaking in (:12) or is it God, or is it Jesus, or even John? There is simply no way of telling who the speaker is from any of the early Bible manuscripts. It’s entirely a matter of translator’s choice.
Not at all. Look at the immediate and greater context:

Rev 1:7 Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all tribes of the earth will wail on account of him. Even so. Amen.

Rev 3:3 Remember, then, what you received and heard. Keep it, and repent. If you will not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what hour I will come against you.

Rev 3:11 I am coming soon. Hold fast what you have, so that no one may seize your crown.

Rev 16:15 (“Behold, I am coming like a thief! Blessed is the one who stays awake, keeping his garments on, that he may not go about naked and be seen exposed!”)

Rev 22:7 “And behold, I am coming soon. Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy of this book.”

Rev 22:12 “Behold, I am coming soon, bringing my recompense with me, to repay each one for what he has done.
Rev 22:13 I am the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end.”

Rev 22:20 He who testifies to these things says,Surely I am coming soon.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!

Multiple times we have Jesus saying he is the one who is "coming soon." Numerous times in the rest of the NT he is said to be coming again. So, there is no reason to believe there is someone else who is also coming soon in verse 12.

Some translators have decided it is the angel who continues to speak, and they punctuate it accordingly. So the JB, and NJB use quotation marks to show that these are all words spoken by the angel.

However, the RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millenium Bible, and TEV show by their use of quotation marks that someone else is now speaking in verse 12. Most Bibles indicate that the person who spoke verse 12 (whether God, angel, Jesus, or John) also spoke verse 13 (“I am Alpha and Omega”).

Now the big question is: Is it clear that the speaker(s) of verses 12 and 13 continues to speak? Some Bibles indicate this. But other respected trinitarian translations do not!

The RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millennium Bible, and TEV show (by quotation marks and indenting) that Rev. 22:14 and 15 are not the words of the speaker of verses 12 and 13 but are John’s words.

(The Jerusalem Bible and the NJB show us that the angel spoke all the words from verse 10 through verse 15.) Then they show Jesus as a new speaker beginning to speak in verse 16.

So, if you insist that the person speaking just before verse 16 is the same person who is speaking in verse 16, then, according to the trinitarian RSV, NRSV, NASB, NEB, REB, NKJV, NAB (1991 ed.), ESV, ISV, NLT, 21st Century King James Version, Third Millennium Bible, and TEV, you are saying John is Jesus!!! (According to the JB and NJB you would be insisting that the angel is Jesus!)
But I don't insist. Jesus spoke in verses 12 and 13, John (likely) in verses 14 and 15, and Jesus again in verse 16.

And, just as the use of “I, John” indicated a new speaker in Revelation, so does the only other such usage in that same book. Yes, Rev. 22:16 - “I, Jesus” also introduces a new speaker. This means, of course, that the previous statement (“I am the Alpha and Omega”) was made by someone else!
There is no reason that that is the case. Look at 16:15 where Jesus speaks, out of nowhere.

Even the KJV translators have shown by their use of the word “his” in verse 14 that they didn’t mean that Jesus was the same speaker as the Alpha and Omega. The speaker of verse 13 is Almighty God. The comment in verse 14 of these Bibles (as literally translated from the Received Text) explains the importance of doing “His Commandments” (not “My Commandments”)! Therefore the speaker of verse 14 is obviously not God as clearly stated by those Bibles which were translated from the Received Text, e.g., KJV; NKJV; KJIIV; MKJV; Young’s Literal Translation; Webster Bible (by Noah Webster); and Revised Webster Bible. Lamsa’s translation (Holy Bible From the Ancient Eastern Text) also uses “him.“

So we can easily see that there is no reason to say Jesus spoke the words recorded at Rev. 22:13 (or the above-named trinitarian Bibles would surely have so translated it!) and, in fact, the context really identifies the speaker as being the same person who spoke at Rev. 1:8, God Almighty, Jehovah, the Father.
On the contrary, there is every reason to believe Jesus spoke in Rev 22:12-13. Consider also:

Rev 1:1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John,

Notice the similarity to 22:6:

Rev 22:6 And he said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true. And the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent his angel to show his servants what must soon take place.”

Rev 22:6 is speaking of Jesus, as it is Jesus who sent his angel to show John, referring to him as "the Lord, the God." Very similar to Thomas's profession, "My Lord and my God."

And, of course:

Rev 22:16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star.”

That not only supports Jesus speaking in verse 6, it supports Jesus being the only other speaker other than the angel and John in the entire chapter.

(All verses ESV.)
 
Yes but how many personalities does YHWH have?
We cannot really say, and that is the problem with using human language to try and describe God. On the one hand, God refers to himself as "us" and "our" (Gen 1: 26-27; 11:7), but on the other, God often refers to himself as "I." As well, the Father refers to himself as "I," the Son refers to himself as "I," and that with having two natures, and the Holy Spirit refers to himself as "I." There is unity in diversity and diversity in unity, and we need to be very careful about saying more (or less) than what the Bible reveals.
 
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