Type 1 & 2 diabetes

[Lewis]

Type 1 diabetes
This in 4 posts below

Insulin-dependent diabetes; Juvenile onset diabetes; Diabetes - type 1
Last reviewed: June 28, 2011.

Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood.
See also:

• Diabetes
• Gestational diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age. However, it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults.
Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called beta cells, in the pancreas. The pancreas is found behind your stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, beta cells produce little or no insulin.
Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to use this glucose for energy. This leads to the symptoms of type 1 diabetes.
The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Most likely it is an autoimmune disorder. An infection or some other trigger causes the body to mistakenly attack the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. This kind of disorder can be passed down through families.

Symptoms

These symptoms may be the first signs of type 1 diabetes, or may occur when the blood sugar is high:

• Being very thirsty
• Feeling hungry
• Feeling tired or fatigued
• Having blurry eyesight
• Losing the feeling or feeling tingling in your feet
• Losing weight without trying
• Urinating more often

For other people, these warning symptoms may be the first signs of type 1 diabetes, or they may happen when the blood sugar is very high (see: diabetic ketoacidosis):

• Deep, rapid breathing
• Dry skin and mouth
• Flushed face
• Fruity breath odor
• Nausea or vomiting, inability to keep down fluids
• Stomach pain

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) can develop quickly in people with diabetes who are taking insulin. Symptoms usually appear when the blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dL. Watch for:

• Headache
• Hunger
• Nervousness
• Rapid heartbeat (palpitations)
• Shaking
• Sweating
• Weakness

Signs and tests

Diabetes is diagnosed with the following blood tests:

• Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if it is higher than 126 mg/dL two times
• Random (nonfasting) blood glucose level -- you may have diabetes if it is higher than 200 mg/dL, and you have symptoms such as increased thirst, urination, and fatigue (this must be confirmed with a fasting test)
• Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if the glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours
• Hemoglobin A1c test
  • Normal: Less than 5.7%
  • Pre-diabetes: Between 5.7% and 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

Ketone testing is also sometimes used. The ketone test is done using a urine sample or blood sample. Ketone testing may be done:

• When the blood sugar is higher than 240 mg/dL
• During an illness such as pneumonia, heart attack, or stroke
• When nausea or vomiting occur
• During pregnancy

The following tests or exams will help you and your doctor monitor your diabetes and prevent problems caused by diabetes:

• Check the skin and bones on your feet and legs.
• Check to see if your feet are getting numb.
• Have your blood pressure checked at least every year (blood pressure goal should be 130/80 mm/Hg or lower).
• Have your hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) done every 6 months if your diabetes is well controlled; otherwise, every 3 months.
• Have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked yearly (aim for LDL cholesterol levels below 70-100 mg/dL).
• Get yearly tests to make sure your kidneys are working well (microalbuminuria and serum creatinine).
• Visit your eye doctor at least once a year, or more often if you have signs of diabetic eye disease.
• See the dentist every 6 months for a thorough dental cleaning and exam. Make sure your dentist and hygienist know that you have diabetes.

Treatment

Because type 1 diabetes can start quickly and the symptoms can be severe, people who have just been diagnosed may need to stay in the hospital.
If you have just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, you should probably have a check-up each week until you have good control over your blood sugar. Your health care provider will review the results of your home blood sugar monitoring and urine testing. Your provider will also look at your diary of meals, snacks, and insulin injections.
As the disease gets more stable, you will have fewer follow-up visits. Visiting your health care provider is very important so you can monitor any long-term problems from diabetes.
You are the most important person in managing your diabetes. You should know the basic steps to diabetes management:

• How to recognize and treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
• How to recognize and treat high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
• Diabetes meal planning
• How to give insulin
• How to check blood glucose and urine ketones
• How to adjust insulin and food when you exercise
• How to handle sick days
• Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them

 

[Lewis]

INSULIN
Insulin lowers blood sugar by allowing it to leave the bloodstream and enter cells. Everyone with type 1 diabetes must take insulin every day.
Insulin is usually injected under the skin. In some cases, a pump delivers the insulin all the time. Insulin does not come in pill form.
Insulin types differ in how fast they start to work and how long they last. The health care provider will choose the best type of insulin for you and will tell you at what time of day to use it. More than one type of insulin may be mixed together in an injection to get the best blood glucose control. You may need insulin shots from one to four times a day.
Your health care provider or diabetes nurse educator will teach you how to give insulin injections. At first, a child's injections may be given by a parent or other adult. By age 14, most children can give their own injections.
People with diabetes need to know how to adjust the amount of insulin they are taking:

• When they exercise
• When they are sick
• When they will be eating more or less food and calories
• When they are traveling

DIET AND EXERCISE
People with type 1 diabetes should eat at about the same times each day and try to eat the same kinds of foods. This helps to prevent blood sugar from becoming too high or low. See also:

• Diabetes diet
• Snacking when you have diabetes

The American Diabetes Association and the American Dietetic Association have information for planning healthy, balanced meals. It can help to talk with a registered dietitian or nutrition counselor.
Regular exercise helps control the amount of sugar in the blood. It also helps burn extra calories and fat to reach a healthy weight.
Ask your health care provider before starting any exercise program. People with type 1 diabetes must take special steps before, during, and after intense physical activity or exercise. See also: Diabetes and exercise
MANAGING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR
Checking your blood sugar levels at home and writing down the results will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes. Talk to your doctor and diabetes educator about how often to check.
A device called a glucometer can read blood sugar levels. There are different types of devices. Usually, you prick your finger with a small needle called a lancet to get a tiny drop of blood. You place the blood on a test strip and put the strip into the device. You should have results in 30 - 45 seconds.
Keep a record of your blood sugar for yourself and your doctor or nurse. This will help if you have problems managing your diabetes. You and your doctor should set a target goal for your blood sugar levels at different times during the day. You should also plan what to do when your blood sugar is too low or high.
For more information, see: Managing your blood sugar
Low blood sugar is called hypoglycemia. Blood sugar levels below 70 mg/dL are too low and can harm you.
FOOT CARE
Diabetes damages the blood vessels and nerves. This can make you less able to feel pressure on the foot. You may not notice a foot injury until you get a severe infection.
Diabetes can also damage blood vessels. Small sores or breaks in the skin may become deeper skin sores (ulcers). The affected limb may need to be amputated if these skin ulcers do not heal or become larger or deeper.
To prevent problems with your feet:

• Stop smoking if you smoke.
• Improve control of your blood sugar.
• Get a foot exam by your health care provider at least twice a year and learn whether you have nerve damage.
• Check and care for your feet EVERY DAY, especially if you already have known nerve or blood vessel damage or current foot problems.
• Make sure you are wearing the right kind of shoes.

PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS
Your doctor may prescribe medications or other treatments to reduce your chances of developing eye disease, kidney disease, and other conditions that are more common in people with diabetes.
See also:

• Diabetes -- preventing heart attack and stroke
• Long-term complications of diabetes

Support Groups

For more information and resources, see diabetes support group.

Expectations (prognosis)

Diabetes is a lifelong disease and there is not yet a cure. However, the outcome for people with diabetes varies.
Studies show that tight control of blood glucose can prevent or delay problems with the eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and heart in type 1 diabetes. However, problems may occur even in people with good diabetes control.

Complications

If you have diabetes, your risk of a heart attack is the same as someone who has already had a heart attack. Both women and men with diabetes are at risk. You may not even have the normal signs of a heart attack.
After many years, diabetes can lead to other serious problems:

• You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night) and sensitivity to light. You could become blind.
• Your feet and skin could develop sores and infections. If you have these sores for too long, your foot or leg may need to be removed. Infection can also cause pain and itching.
• Diabetes may make it harder to control your blood pressure and cholesterol. This can lead to heart attack, stroke, and other problems. It can become harder for blood to flow to the legs and feet.
• Nerves in the body can become damaged, causing pain, tingling, and loss of feeling.
• Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. You could feel weakness or have trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can also make it harder for men to have an erection.
• High blood sugar and other problems can lead to kidney damage. The kidneys might not work as wellas they used to. They may even stop working.

See also: Diabetic ketoacidosis

Calling your health care provider

Call 911 if you have:

• Chest pain or pressure, shortness of breath, or other signs of angina
• Loss of consciousness
• Seizures

Call your health care provider or go to the emergency room if you have symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Also call your doctor if you have:

• Blood sugar levels that are higher than the goals you and your doctor have set
• Numbness, tingling, or pain in your feet or legs
• Problems with your eyesight
• Sores or infections on your feet
• Symptoms that your blood sugar is getting too low (feeling weak or tired, trembling, sweating, feeling irritable, having trouble thinking clearly, fast heartbeat, double or blurry vision, feeling uneasy)
• Symptoms that your blood sugar is too high (being very thirsty, having blurry vision, having dry skin, feeling weak or tired, needing to urinate a lot)
• You are having blood sugar readings below 70 mg/dL

You can treat early signs of hypoglycemia at home by eating sugar or candy, or by taking glucose tablets. If your signs of hypoglycemia continue or your blood glucose levels stay below 60 mg/dL, go to the emergency room.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent type 1 diabetes. There is no screening test for type 1 diabetes in people who have no symptoms.
Stay up-to-date with all of your vaccinations and get a flu shot every year in the fall.

References

1. Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman RM, ed. Kliegman: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2011:chap 583.
2. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes -- 2011. Diabetes Care. 2011. 34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.
3. Eisenbarth GS, Polonsky KS, Buse JB. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2008:chap 31.
4. Pignone M, Alberts MJ, Colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010. 121:2694-2701.

 

[Lewis]

Type 2 diabetes

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes; Diabetes - type 2; Adult-onset diabetes
Last reviewed: June 28, 2011.

Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.
See also:

• Diabetes
• Gestational diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes
• Metabolic syndrome

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Diabetes is caused by a problem in the way your body makes or uses insulin. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy.
When you have type 2 diabetes, your fat, liver, and muscle cells do not respond correctly to insulin. This is called insulin resistance. As a result, blood sugar does not get into these cells to be stored for energy.
When sugar cannot enter cells, high levels of sugar build up in the blood. This is called hyperglycemia.
Type 2 diabetes usually occurs slowly over time. Most people with the disease are overweight when they are diagnosed. Increased fat makes it harder for your body to use insulin the correct way.
Type 2 diabetes can also develop in people who are thin. This is more common in the elderly.
Family history and genes play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight around the waist increase your risk. See also: Type 2 diabetes for a list of risk factors.

Symptoms

Often, people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at first. They may not have symptoms for many years.
The early symptoms of diabetes may include:

• Bladder, kidney, skin, or other infections that are more frequent or heal slowly
• Fatigue
• Hunger
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination

The first symptom may also be:

• Blurred vision
• Erectile dysfunction
• Pain or numbness in the feet or hands

Signs and tests

Your health care provider may suspect that you have diabetes if your blood sugar level is higher than 200 mg/dL. To confirm the diagnosis, one or more of the following tests must be done.
Diabetes blood tests:

• Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if it is higher than 126 mg/dL two times
• Hemoglobin A1c test --
  
  • Normal: Less than 5.7%
  • Pre-diabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%
  • Diabetes: 6.5% or higher
• Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours

Diabetes screening is recommended for:

• Overweight children who have other risk factors for diabetes, starting at age 10 and repeated every 2 years
• Overweight adults (BMI greater than 25) who have other risk factors
• Adults over age 45 every 3 years

You should see your health care provider every 3 months. At these visits, you can expect your health care provider to:

• Check your blood pressure
• Check the skin and bones on your feet and legs
• Check to see if your feet are becoming numb
• Examine the back part of the eye with a special lighted instrument called an ophthalmoscope

The following tests will help you and your doctor monitor your diabetes and prevent problems:

• Have your blood pressure checked at least every year (blood pressure goals should be 130/80 mm/Hg or lower).
• Have your hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c) every 6 months if your diabetes is well controlled; otherwise every 3 months.
• Have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked yearly (aim for LDL levels below 70-100 mg/dL).
• Get yearly tests to make sure your kidneys are working well (microalbuminuria and serum creatinine).
• Visit your eye doctor at least once a year, or more often if you have signs of diabetic eye disease.
• See the dentist every 6 months for a thorough dental cleaning and exam. Make sure your dentist and hygienist know that you have diabetes.

Treatment

The goal of treatment at first is to lower high blood glucose levels. The long-term goals of treatment are to prevent problems from diabetes.
The main treatment for type 2 diabetes is exercise and diet.
LEARN THESE SKILLS
You should learn basic diabetes management skills. They will help prevent problems and the need for medical care. These skills include:

• How to test and record your blood glucose (See: Blood glucose monitoring)
• What to eat and when
• How to take medications, if needed
• How to recognize and treat low and high blood sugar
• How to handle sick days
• Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them

It may take several months to learn the basic skills. Always keep learning about diabetes, its complications, and how to control and live with the disease. Stay up-to-date on new research and treatments.
MANAGING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR
Self testing means that you check your blood sugar at home yourself. Checking your blood sugar levels at home and writing down the results will tell you how well you are managing your diabetes.
A device called a glucometer can give you an exact blood sugar reading. There are different types of devices. Usually, you prick your finger with a small needle called a lancet. This gives you a tiny drop of blood. You place the blood on a test strip and put the strip into the device. Results are given in 30 - 45 seconds.
A health care provider or diabetes educator will help set up an at-home testing schedule for you. Your doctor will help you set your blood sugar goals.

• Most people with type 2 diabetes only need to check their blood sugar once or twice a day.
• If your blood sugar levels are under control, you may only need to check them a few times a week.
• You may test yourself when you wake up, before meals, and at bedtime.
• You may need to test more often when you are sick or under stress.

 

[Lewis]

The results of the test can be used to change your meals, activity, or medications to keep your blood sugar levels in the right range. Testing can identify high and low blood sugar levels before you have serious problems.
Keep a record of your blood sugar for yourself and your health care provider. This will help if you are having trouble managing your diabetes.
DIET AND WEIGHT CONTROL
Work closely with your doctor, nurse, and dietitian to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. Your meal plans should fit your daily lifestyle and habits, and should try to include foods that you like.
Managing your weight and eating a well-balanced diet are important. Some people with type 2 diabetes can stop taking medications after losing weight (although they still have diabetes).
See also:

• Diabetes diet
• Snacking when you have diabetes

Very overweight patients whose diabetes is not well managed with diet and medicine may consider bariatric (weight loss) surgery.
See:

• Gastric bypass surgery
• Laparoscopic gastric banding

REGULAR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Regular exercise is important for everyone. It is even more important you have diabetes. Exercise in which your heart beats faster and you breathe faster helps lower your blood sugar level without medication. It also burns extra calories and fat so you can manage your weight.
Exercise can help your health by improving blood flow and blood pressure. Exercise also increases the body's energy level, lowers tension, and improves your ability to handle stress.
Ask your health care provider before starting any exercise program. People with type 2 diabetes must take special steps before, during, and after intense physical activity or exercise. See also: Diabetes and exercise
MEDICATIONS TO TREAT DIABETES
If diet and exercise do not help keep your blood sugar at normal or near-normal levels, your doctor may prescribe medication. Since these drugs help lower your blood sugar levels in different ways, your doctor may have you take more than one drug.
Some of the most common types of medication are listed below. They are taken by mouth or injection.

• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (such as acarbose)
• Biguanides (Metformin)
• Injectable medicines (including exenatide, mitiglinide, pramlintide, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin)
• Meglitinides (including repaglinide and nateglinide)
• Sulfonylureas (like glimepiride, glyburide, and tolazamide)
• Thiazolidinediones (such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone). (Rosiglitazone may increase the risk of heart problems. Talk to your doctor.)

These drugs may be given with insulin, or insulin may be used alone. You may need insulin if you continue to have poor blood glucose control. It must be injected under the skin using a syringe or insulin pen device. It cannot be taken by mouth. See also: Type 1 diabetes
It is not known whether hyperglycemia medications taken by mouth are safe for use in pregnancy. Women who have type 2 diabetes and become pregnant may be switched to insulin during their pregnancy and while breast-feeding.
PREVENTING COMPLICATIONS
Your doctor may prescribe medications or other treatments to reduce your chances of developing eye disease, kidney disease, and other conditions that are more common in people with diabetes.
See also:

• Diabetes -- preventing heart attack and stroke
• Long-term complications of diabetes

FOOT CARE
People with diabetes are more likely to have foot problems. Diabetes can damage nerves, which means you may not feel an injury to the foot until you get a large sore or infection. Diabetes can also damage blood vessels.
Diabetes also decreases the body's ability to fight infection. Small infections can quickly get worse and cause the death of skin and other tissues.
To prevent injury to your feet, check and care for your feet every day. See also: Diabetes foot care
Support Groups

For more information, see diabetes resources.

Expectations (prognosis)

After many years, diabetes can lead to serious problems with your eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels, or other areas in your body.
If you have diabetes, your risk of a heart attack is the same as that of someone who has already had a heart attack. Both women and men with diabetes are at risk. You may not even have the normal signs of a heart attack.
If you control your blood sugar and blood pressure, you can reduce your risk of death, stroke, heart failure, and other diabetes problems.
Some people with type 2 diabetes no longer need medicine if they lose weight and become more active. When they reach their ideal weight, their body's own insulin and a healthy diet can control their blood sugar levels.

Complications

After many years, diabetes can lead to serious problems:

• You could have eye problems, including trouble seeing (especially at night), and light sensitivity. You could become blind.
• Your feet and skin can develop sores and infections. After a long time, your foot or leg may need to be removed. Infection can also cause pain and itching in other parts of the body.
• Diabetes may make it harder to control your blood pressure and cholesterol. This can lead to a heart attack, storke, and other problems. It can become harder for blood to flow to your legs and feet.
• Nerves in your body can get damaged, causing pain, tingling, and a loss of feeling.
• Because of nerve damage, you could have problems digesting the food you eat. You could feel weakness or have trouble going to the bathroom. Nerve damage can make it harder for men to have an erection.
• High blood sugar and other problems can lead to kidney damage. Your kidneys may not work as well, and they may even stop working.

Infections of the skin, female genital tract, and urinary tract are also more common.
To prevent problems from diabetes, visit your health care provider or diabetes educator at least four times a year. Talk about any problems you are having.

Calling your health care provider

Call 911 right away if you have:

• Chest pain or pressure
• Fainting or unconsciousness
• Seizure
• Shortness of breath

These symptoms can quickly get worse and become emergency conditions (such as convulsions or hypoglycemic coma).
Call your doctor if you have:

• Numbness, tingling, or pain in your feet or legs
• Problems with your eyesight
• Sores or infections on your feet
• Symptoms of high blood sugar (being very thirsty, having blurry vision, having dry skin, feeling weak or tired, needing to urinate a lot)
• Symptoms of low blood sugar (feeling weak or tired, trembling, sweating, feeling irritable, having trouble thinking clearly, fast heartbeat, double or blurry vision, feeling uneasy)

Prevention

You can help prevent type 2 diabetes by keeping a healthy body weight and an active lifestyle.
Stay up-to-date with all your vaccinations and get a flu shot every year.

References

1. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2011. Diabetes Care. 2011;34 Suppl 1:S11-S61.
2. Eisenbarth GS, Polonsky KS, Buse JB. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 31.
3. Pignone M, Alberts MJ, colwell JA, Cushman M, Inzucchi SE, Mukherjee D, et al. Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association, a scientific statement of the American Heart Association, and an expert consensus document of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. Circulation. 2010;121:2694-2701.
4. Buchwald H, Estok R, Fahrbach K, Banel D, Jensen MD, Pories WJ, Bantle JP, Sledge I. Weight and type 2 diabetes after bariatric surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2009 Mar;122(3):248-256.e5. Review. PubMed PMID: 19272486.
5. ACCORD Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Buse JB, et al. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:818-828.
6. Alemzadeh R, Ali O. Diabetes Mellitus. In: Kliegman R, ed. 19th ed. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2011: chap 583.

 

[tim-from-pa]

It's funny you started this thread because I was just about ready to start a similar one.

I came across this article:

http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/48395...uld-help-cut-your-diabetes-risk/#.UBbHIs9waBs

You hear all kinds of natural remedies --- cinnamon is another. While I agree this is infinitely better than being all drugged up, we have to ask ourselves in the event some natural cure does not work for everyone, just what exactly are they trying to achieve? Is it to have a natural drug in lieu of a medicinal one, or is the underlying reason for natural solutions to feed the body some missing nutrient needed for proper glucose metabolism?

I'll cut to the chase here. If one is a diabetic or diabetic prone, better than adding a potpouri of herbs, make sure one has the basic nutrients first, then go to the herbs. First off, cut the excess weight and carbs. Eat more protein, fats (good fats, not "bad" ones found in refined oils and margarine that are polyunsaturated--- although natural poly's are OK. And the other fats are fine except trans).

In addition, make sure one gets vitamins and minerals for proper metabolism. These include (but not limited to)

• A good B-complex (50mg minimum, not some "all B with C" vitamins or Centrum. They're basically worthless)
• Magnesium --- not only good for glucose metabolism, but the muscles and nerves as well. Try about 2-3x the RDA. One time the RDA may not be enough for some folks
• Chromium. Yes, you heard right. That same metal in the bumpers of 1950's cars. :biglol I forgot what the RDA is, but whatever it is go about 4-5x. Again, the amount in most multi's is not enough.

Now, as much as some people said they "tried everything but still need medication" my question is are you sure? Have you tried the minimum recommendations above? have you ever heard a doctor tell you to try all these things mentioned above first? I thought not. So, I am skeptical when someone says "they tried everything first" before medication, when all it amounted to was to losing 5 pounds, cutting only the potato chips, and taking one-a-day vitamins and still wonder why their blood sugar is high. No, it's a lifestyle thing. I would wager that for type 2 diabetes at least, that the above recommendations would "cure" 90% of the people out there without medications. And if it don't, well, I have to then wonder if there is not some other underlying medical condition causing it.

 

[Lewis]

Using Prednisone off and on for years has made me diabetic. I am trying to reverse it, with eating no sugars processed sugars and no white breads.

 

[AirDancer]

Is celery still recommended for those who either are geneticly prone or border-line?

 

[Lewis]

Diabetics Handbook.com
http://www.diabeticshandbook.com/

Celery Diabetes Diet
http://www.livestrong.com/article/286982-celery-diabetes-diet/

 

[AirDancer]

Thanks for the links, Lewis .... I knew celery used to be recommended ... wasn't sure if it still was. Glad to learn it is!

 

[WIP]

I'll share my experience with type II diabetes...so far.

I have been controlling borderline high blood pressure for about seven years. I should clarify. It was considered borderline (140/90) at the time I was diagnosed however, in recent years the medical industry standard has been lowered (130/80) for some reason.

As part of my medical care plan I was scheduled for semi-annual visits to my doctor for an examination and to reinstate my prescription. In July of 2011 it was noted that my blood glucose level was up slightly from previous history. My doctor mentioned that we should keep an eye on it but it was not threatening at that time.

This past winter about two weeks before my February appointment I began to recognize some diabetic symptoms including sudden unexplained loss of weight (I dropped 10 pounds without trying), excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Of course, the urination could have been due to the amount of liquids I had been ingesting. I had also been dealing with uncontrollable itchy skin for a few months but was not aware that this too was a symptom. I mentioned the thirst and urination symptoms to my doctor and we decided to run a blood test. My glucose level was over 325, my average glucose for the previous three months was 225, and my first A1C result was 10.5. I was diabetic.

Part of my treatment plan included a diabetes education program that talked about portions and carbohydrate control. Sugars and starches (carbohydrates) contribute highly to blood glucose levels and my plan was to control the intake of these and try to increase my level of exercise by walking for 20 minutes or more at least 3-4 times a week. I was told in order to retain my current weight I should limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 50-75 grams at any one meal and no more than 15-20 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 265 grams.

I decided to limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 30 grams per meal and 15 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 120 grams so I could lose some weight. I created a chart on my computer to track what I ate, how many carbohydrates I ingested, and to record my glucose levels. I also committed to taking a walk for a minimum of 20 minutes every other day.

At first it was a challenge. It is surprising how many foods, even those we consider to be healthy, contain high levels of carbohydrate. Pasta, breads, cereals, and fruit for example are quite high so I had to learn about portioning these considerably.

I am 6'-1" tall and I was 230 pounds. Today, I have lost about 35 pounds and stabilized at about 195-197 pounds. At my last doctor's appointment my blood glucose was at 86 with my average blood glucose level for the previous three months at 111 and my A1C was 5. These are normal values.

I am scheduled for another round of tests in December. My doctor tells me that if my control remains as strong we will consider dropping my medication and use diet and exercise to control my diabetes. I have also noticed a gradual drop in my blood pressure as well. Even controlled my blood pressure has been typically hovering around 130/80 but the last six tests came back with values more like 120/60. Maybe there's a chance I could drop these medications too! That would be nice.

 

[Lewis]

I'll share my experience with type II diabetes...so far.

I have been controlling borderline high blood pressure for about seven years. I should clarify. It was considered borderline (140/90) at the time I was diagnosed however, in recent years the medical industry standard has been lowered (130/80) for some reason.

As part of my medical care plan I was scheduled for semi-annual visits to my doctor for an examination and to reinstate my prescription. In July of 2011 it was noted that my blood glucose level was up slightly from previous history. My doctor mentioned that we should keep an eye on it but it was not threatening at that time.

This past winter about two weeks before my February appointment I began to recognize some diabetic symptoms including sudden unexplained loss of weight (I dropped 10 pounds without trying), excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Of course, the urination could have been due to the amount of liquids I had been ingesting. I had also been dealing with uncontrollable itchy skin for a few months but was not aware that this too was a symptom. I mentioned the thirst and urination symptoms to my doctor and we decided to run a blood test. My glucose level was over 325, my average glucose for the previous three months was 225, and my first A1C result was 10.5. I was diabetic.

Part of my treatment plan included a diabetes education program that talked about portions and carbohydrate control. Sugars and starches (carbohydrates) contribute highly to blood glucose levels and my plan was to control the intake of these and try to increase my level of exercise by walking for 20 minutes or more at least 3-4 times a week. I was told in order to retain my current weight I should limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 50-75 grams at any one meal and no more than 15-20 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 265 grams.

I decided to limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 30 grams per meal and 15 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 120 grams so I could lose some weight. I created a chart on my computer to track what I ate, how many carbohydrates I ingested, and to record my glucose levels. I also committed to taking a walk for a minimum of 20 minutes every other day.

At first it was a challenge. It is surprising how many foods, even those we consider to be healthy, contain high levels of carbohydrate. Pasta, breads, cereals, and fruit for example are quite high so I had to learn about portioning these considerably.

I am 6'-1" tall and I was 230 pounds. Today, I have lost about 35 pounds and stabilized at about 195-197 pounds. At my last doctor's appointment my blood glucose was at 86 with my average blood glucose level for the previous three months at 111 and my A1C was 5. These are normal values.

I am scheduled for another round of tests in December. My doctor tells me that if my control remains as strong we will consider dropping my medication and use diet and exercise to control my diabetes. I have also noticed a gradual drop in my blood pressure as well. Even controlled my blood pressure has been typically hovering around 130/80 but the last six tests came back with values more like 120/60. Maybe there's a chance I could drop these medications too! That would be nice.

Thank you for that, I have the itchy skin and unexplained weight loss, I am being sent for some blood test today.

 

[rrowell]

I'll share my experience with type II diabetes...so far.

I have been controlling borderline high blood pressure for about seven years. I should clarify. It was considered borderline (140/90) at the time I was diagnosed however, in recent years the medical industry standard has been lowered (130/80) for some reason.

As part of my medical care plan I was scheduled for semi-annual visits to my doctor for an examination and to reinstate my prescription. In July of 2011 it was noted that my blood glucose level was up slightly from previous history. My doctor mentioned that we should keep an eye on it but it was not threatening at that time.

This past winter about two weeks before my February appointment I began to recognize some diabetic symptoms including sudden unexplained loss of weight (I dropped 10 pounds without trying), excessive thirst, and frequent urination. Of course, the urination could have been due to the amount of liquids I had been ingesting. I had also been dealing with uncontrollable itchy skin for a few months but was not aware that this too was a symptom. I mentioned the thirst and urination symptoms to my doctor and we decided to run a blood test. My glucose level was over 325, my average glucose for the previous three months was 225, and my first A1C result was 10.5. I was diabetic.

Part of my treatment plan included a diabetes education program that talked about portions and carbohydrate control. Sugars and starches (carbohydrates) contribute highly to blood glucose levels and my plan was to control the intake of these and try to increase my level of exercise by walking for 20 minutes or more at least 3-4 times a week. I was told in order to retain my current weight I should limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 50-75 grams at any one meal and no more than 15-20 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 265 grams.

I decided to limit my carbohydrate intake to not more than 30 grams per meal and 15 grams between meals for a total daily limit of 120 grams so I could lose some weight. I created a chart on my computer to track what I ate, how many carbohydrates I ingested, and to record my glucose levels. I also committed to taking a walk for a minimum of 20 minutes every other day.

At first it was a challenge. It is surprising how many foods, even those we consider to be healthy, contain high levels of carbohydrate. Pasta, breads, cereals, and fruit for example are quite high so I had to learn about portioning these considerably.

I am 6'-1" tall and I was 230 pounds. Today, I have lost about 35 pounds and stabilized at about 195-197 pounds. At my last doctor's appointment my blood glucose was at 86 with my average blood glucose level for the previous three months at 111 and my A1C was 5. These are normal values.

I am scheduled for another round of tests in December. My doctor tells me that if my control remains as strong we will consider dropping my medication and use diet and exercise to control my diabetes. I have also noticed a gradual drop in my blood pressure as well. Even controlled my blood pressure has been typically hovering around 130/80 but the last six tests came back with values more like 120/60. Maybe there's a chance I could drop these medications too! That would be nice.

I would like to caution all type II diabetics that may be on Metformin, I was put on this and it controlled mine well for about 3 years, then all of the sudden I lost 30 pounds in one month, my doctor took me off of it (a different doctor than put me on it) he said this is your problem, I quit taking it (he put me on something else) and the weight loss stopped... I then found out some doctors prescribe metformin even to non diabetics for weight loss ???

Any way... if your type II is not due to over weight (as they say most are) metforman may not be for you...

 

[WIP]

Thanks for the head's up. I should note that my weight loss began a month before I started using Metformin. It has now been stable for about a month. My hope is that I can keep my diabetes under control for the time being using diet and exercise and not have to take any medication. Same thing for my blood pressure which has also been dropping since the weight came off. Maybe I can be drug free before too long. Woo-hoo!

 

[tim-from-pa]

I forgot to mention vitamin D in that list (but it's not an exhaustive list anyways). Get out into the sun, do some good yard work and strip off those shirts. That's what I do. But get some now while you can. At my particular latitude, the sun's maximum elevation needed for this (50 degrees) does not reach this high after the autumnal equinox until the vernal equinox. In the winter is when people are at their lowest levels which I suppose is why a lot of health crises and infections happen then which would not if their vitamin D levels were up. One can take it orally, but even at thousands of units the body does not absorb it as well as getting it from being out in the sun.

 

[WordsintoHarmony]

My sister has a husband that has had diabetes for as long as I can remember. I think he most likely takes insulin for this problem. But, I have not heard of this getting far out of hand. Only that he has some eye problems that may be caused by the diabetes. Whatever has been the problem with his eyes he has been able to work out with the doctors. And all my sisters’ kids did not inherit this disorder thank God.

[FONT=&quot]However, I have a friend Lorena that is legally blind. She was with a guy named Chris that she met at a Blind school. Chris had a severe case of diabetes. He ended up in the hospital falling into a coma and finally passed away. Chris was only maybe in his early thirties when this happened. This disorder can’t be taken lightly. Some have this under control while to others it can be a death threat.[/FONT]

 

[WIP]

Follow-up. Today I visited my doctor and we decided to try and discontinue my diabetes medication for a while to see if I can maintain control. My weight has been stable for about a month and my blood sugar tests have been consistently within normal range (70-100).

 

[Lewis]

Well I found out that I am type 2, and they put me on Metformin. I have had these sugar symptoms for a long time, long enough for it to have done some damage somewhere or maybe not, but this is scary. I have already changed my diet.

 

[havensed]

I agree this disease is nothing to play with, the worst part is that children who are diabetic in the USA are increasing daily, and has a direct correlation to obesity.

Sent from my AT100 using Xparent Blue Tapatalk 2

 

[havensed]

**Update** I have found a health company who has helped me finally get my sugar down. After two years of three pills a day and still having readings in the range of 240-250. I I started to use Isagenix 9day cleanse system, and after day five my sugar readings dropped to 137. Today its 128. I am loving it, if you want to know more im me.

Sent from my AT100 using Xparent Blue Tapatalk 2

 

[tim-from-pa]

**Update** I have found a health company who has helped me finally get my sugar down. After two years of three pills a day and still having readings in the range of 240-250. I I started to use Isagenix 9day cleanse system, and after day five my sugar readings dropped to 137. Today its 128. I am loving it, if you want to know more im me.

Sent from my AT100 using Xparent Blue Tapatalk 2

Those are good numbers so I congratulate you on that. However, I am a tad concerned why a detox/nutritional shake would move the numbers that much. It makes me wonder what you are "getting into" to make your body that toxic and/or why you can't eliminate it well. Also, as a nutritional shake, I'd also have to wonder if your nutrition was that bad beforehand that a drinkable vitamin supplement of sorts is all it takes to bring your numbers in line. Have you read my posts #5 and #14? Maybe you should not only continue with your shake, but also add even MORE nutrition. Most diabetics are deficient in something, or their diet forces a deficiency of some sort.