A Different Perspective On The Meaning Of The Allegory In Galatians (Galatians 4:21-31)
Please keep an open mind.
It seems so clear from Galatians 4:21-31 that Paul is saying that the law (properly torah) is bondage and that we should cast it out along with those who promote torah or keep it themselves.
However, I should first note that Paul was torah observant and promoted it himself in an orderly fashion (Acts 16:3; Acts 16:21; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:21; Acts 21:18-27; Acts 22:3; Acts 23:3-5; Acts 28:17; Romans 2:12-13; Romans 2:25-27; Romans 3:31; Romans 4:3; Romans 4:12; Romans 7:12; Romans 7:14; Romans 7:22; Romans 8:4; Romans 8:7; 1 Corinthians 9:9-10; 1 Timothy 5:11, and many more)
So let's take a look a look at what Paul has to say about those troubling the Galatians with "works of law".
Galatians 4:21
Tell me, ye that desire to be under law, do ye not hear the torah?
Here is an interesting passage. Why would they need to listen to what the torah is saying to do if Paul throughout this whole epistle is supposedly telling them to stay away from it because it is "bondage"?
"Under law" does not contain the definite article "the", however, and refers to any form of legislation in general (in context, however, any legislation given by the "works of law" group).
However, "hear the law" does contain the definite article, and in most (all) contexts, this refers to torah (that is, the Pentateuch, the Writings, and the Prophets, or any of these three), so we know Paul is calling us back to what's written in the scripture (which includes Genesis-Deuteronomy - 2 Timothy 3:16).
Here, with this question, Paul is forming his midrash or allegory. Read more about midrash here - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash
An excerpt:
Paul was a Jewish Rabbi and Pharisee, learned in torah and in many ways of Jewish halacha, whether biblical or tradition/oral. Let's not forget this. This is also why people don't see what Paul is about to do with this allegory.
Galatians 4:22
For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman.
Galatians 4:23
But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise.
And what was the point of choosing this? What's the topic of the entire letter? Whether or not these former "gentiles" are part of the commonwealth of Israel (Ephesians 2:12) and as such, considered Abraham's seed (Galatians 3:29) and equal heirs in salvation. These Judaizers denied them that by trying to enslave them to themselves through feigning torah with their own dogmas (not by the torah itself alone). Paul makes it clear that they do not "keep law" themselves (and hence were truly lawless - Galatians 6:13). They only want to make a show of the flesh with these new believers to enslave them to themselves, trying to exclude them from the promises and true justification in Messiah (Galatians 4:17). This is why Paul calls us to hear the torah (he is arguing against their interpretation and perpetration of it, not against it itself).
So we have to remember that Abraham had two sons from two women (we can only be born from one woman as one son). One son was born after the flesh (which the "works of law" group is promoting) and the other by the promise of the Spirit (which Paul is promoting).
What Paul is about to do here is explain his interpretation of torah (the right one) which says we are born of the Spirit through the original promise of Abraham, not by "works of law" through a show of the flesh from these Judaizers. The problem here is enslavement to these specific Jews, not a letter about how the torah is truly bondage and the elements of the world (this is refuted in Psalm 111:7-8 and by his own admission in Romans 7:12). What is being under the "elements of the world" is being subject to the slavery of some one else.
Galatians 4:24
Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.
What things are an allegory? Abraham and his two sons through two women to the two covenants, children being produced by either one of them. And what are the two covenants? One is the Abrahamic covenant (not the new covenant of Jeremiah 31:31, as many people mistake one of these covenants to be) and the other is the one from Mount Sinai. This midrash directs us back to two planes of existence pertaining to how we are born. Some lie and say that it is by works of law (torah corrupted and made into their own version) that we are considered children of Abraham, blessed with Abraham, and receive the promises given to Abraham and his seed when we come to faith in Messiah.
In this midrash, Paul equates Hagar with Mount Sinai (who we should not be born of). Yahweh says that under the Sinai covenant that both houses were in sin and had broken his covenant. He that commits sin (1 John 3:4) is the slave of sin (John 8:34). This is why those in Jerusalem pertaining to the Sinai covenant are in bondage (not because the torah is itself bondage).
Galatians 4:25
For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
Word for "answereth"? Seems to make no sense, but if we look it up in the Strong's Concordance, we'll see what it means:
The Young's Literal Translation renders this as "doth correspond", or "corresponds". Hagar = Mount Sinai and we put this together with the present Jerusalem of that day (who were in bondage because of their "under law" existence and rejection of Messiah). Jerusalem, in the spirit of Hagar/Ishmael, is in bondage along with the slaves she produces (just as Hagar was a slave just as Ishmael).
Galatians 4:26
But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
The point is hit home. We are not children of the earthly Jerusalem and are not in slavery with her children (who receive no promises; and no this is not a rejection of Jews as a whole, but that generation of Jews and those who rejected Messiah; all Jews have not rejected Messiah).
We are born as Abraham's son Isaac through Sarah (who would correspond to the heavenly Jerusalem).
Galatians 4:27
For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.
Quoting Isaiah 54:1, speaking of Ephraim Israel, the divorced wife (Jeremiah 3:8) as opposed to Judah.
Galatians 4:28
Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise.
Galatians 4:29
But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now.
Judah vexing Ephraim (both vex each other today as well as then) but eventually, this will cease (Isaiah 11:13). Ishmael scoffed and mocked Isaac (Genesis 21:9), as Paul in this midrash says here.
Galatians 4:30
Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.
Genesis 21:10. Get rid of the bondwoman and her son. Be born through the Spirit, not through the flesh. Paul is not indicating to cast out the torah (he calls it “scripture†here). This is only an allegory. He's speaking of that plane of existence. Cast out the spirit of fleshly operation (the torah itself is actually spiritual according to Paul's own words in Romans 7:14).
Galatians 4:31
So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free.
Amein!
Please keep an open mind.
It seems so clear from Galatians 4:21-31 that Paul is saying that the law (properly torah) is bondage and that we should cast it out along with those who promote torah or keep it themselves.
However, I should first note that Paul was torah observant and promoted it himself in an orderly fashion (Acts 16:3; Acts 16:21; Acts 17:2; Acts 18:21; Acts 21:18-27; Acts 22:3; Acts 23:3-5; Acts 28:17; Romans 2:12-13; Romans 2:25-27; Romans 3:31; Romans 4:3; Romans 4:12; Romans 7:12; Romans 7:14; Romans 7:22; Romans 8:4; Romans 8:7; 1 Corinthians 9:9-10; 1 Timothy 5:11, and many more)
So let's take a look a look at what Paul has to say about those troubling the Galatians with "works of law".
Galatians 4:21
Tell me, ye that desire to be under law, do ye not hear the torah?
Here is an interesting passage. Why would they need to listen to what the torah is saying to do if Paul throughout this whole epistle is supposedly telling them to stay away from it because it is "bondage"?
"Under law" does not contain the definite article "the", however, and refers to any form of legislation in general (in context, however, any legislation given by the "works of law" group).
However, "hear the law" does contain the definite article, and in most (all) contexts, this refers to torah (that is, the Pentateuch, the Writings, and the Prophets, or any of these three), so we know Paul is calling us back to what's written in the scripture (which includes Genesis-Deuteronomy - 2 Timothy 3:16).
Here, with this question, Paul is forming his midrash or allegory. Read more about midrash here - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash
An excerpt:
Some Midrash discussions are highly metaphorical, and many Jewish authors stress that they are not intended to be taken literally. Rather, other midrashic sources may sometimes serve as a key to particularly esoteric discussions. Later authors maintain that this was done to make this material less accessible to the casual reader and prevent its abuse by detractors.
Paul was a Jewish Rabbi and Pharisee, learned in torah and in many ways of Jewish halacha, whether biblical or tradition/oral. Let's not forget this. This is also why people don't see what Paul is about to do with this allegory.
Galatians 4:22
For it is written, that Abraham had two sons, the one by a bondmaid, the other by a freewoman.
Galatians 4:23
But he who was of the bondwoman was born after the flesh; but he of the freewoman was by promise.
And what was the point of choosing this? What's the topic of the entire letter? Whether or not these former "gentiles" are part of the commonwealth of Israel (Ephesians 2:12) and as such, considered Abraham's seed (Galatians 3:29) and equal heirs in salvation. These Judaizers denied them that by trying to enslave them to themselves through feigning torah with their own dogmas (not by the torah itself alone). Paul makes it clear that they do not "keep law" themselves (and hence were truly lawless - Galatians 6:13). They only want to make a show of the flesh with these new believers to enslave them to themselves, trying to exclude them from the promises and true justification in Messiah (Galatians 4:17). This is why Paul calls us to hear the torah (he is arguing against their interpretation and perpetration of it, not against it itself).
So we have to remember that Abraham had two sons from two women (we can only be born from one woman as one son). One son was born after the flesh (which the "works of law" group is promoting) and the other by the promise of the Spirit (which Paul is promoting).
What Paul is about to do here is explain his interpretation of torah (the right one) which says we are born of the Spirit through the original promise of Abraham, not by "works of law" through a show of the flesh from these Judaizers. The problem here is enslavement to these specific Jews, not a letter about how the torah is truly bondage and the elements of the world (this is refuted in Psalm 111:7-8 and by his own admission in Romans 7:12). What is being under the "elements of the world" is being subject to the slavery of some one else.
Galatians 4:24
Which things are an allegory: for these are the two covenants; the one from the mount Sinai, which gendereth to bondage, which is Agar.
What things are an allegory? Abraham and his two sons through two women to the two covenants, children being produced by either one of them. And what are the two covenants? One is the Abrahamic covenant (not the new covenant of Jeremiah 31:31, as many people mistake one of these covenants to be) and the other is the one from Mount Sinai. This midrash directs us back to two planes of existence pertaining to how we are born. Some lie and say that it is by works of law (torah corrupted and made into their own version) that we are considered children of Abraham, blessed with Abraham, and receive the promises given to Abraham and his seed when we come to faith in Messiah.
In this midrash, Paul equates Hagar with Mount Sinai (who we should not be born of). Yahweh says that under the Sinai covenant that both houses were in sin and had broken his covenant. He that commits sin (1 John 3:4) is the slave of sin (John 8:34). This is why those in Jerusalem pertaining to the Sinai covenant are in bondage (not because the torah is itself bondage).
Galatians 4:25
For this Agar is mount Sinai in Arabia, and answereth to Jerusalem which now is, and is in bondage with her children.
Word for "answereth"? Seems to make no sense, but if we look it up in the Strong's Concordance, we'll see what it means:
Strong's Exhaustive Concordance said:G4960
συστοιχέω
sustoicheō
soos-toy-kheh'-o
From G4862 and G4748; to file together (as soldiers in ranks), that is, (figuratively) to correspond to: - answer to.
The Young's Literal Translation renders this as "doth correspond", or "corresponds". Hagar = Mount Sinai and we put this together with the present Jerusalem of that day (who were in bondage because of their "under law" existence and rejection of Messiah). Jerusalem, in the spirit of Hagar/Ishmael, is in bondage along with the slaves she produces (just as Hagar was a slave just as Ishmael).
Galatians 4:26
But Jerusalem which is above is free, which is the mother of us all.
The point is hit home. We are not children of the earthly Jerusalem and are not in slavery with her children (who receive no promises; and no this is not a rejection of Jews as a whole, but that generation of Jews and those who rejected Messiah; all Jews have not rejected Messiah).
We are born as Abraham's son Isaac through Sarah (who would correspond to the heavenly Jerusalem).
Galatians 4:27
For it is written, Rejoice, thou barren that bearest not; break forth and cry, thou that travailest not: for the desolate hath many more children than she which hath an husband.
Quoting Isaiah 54:1, speaking of Ephraim Israel, the divorced wife (Jeremiah 3:8) as opposed to Judah.
Galatians 4:28
Now we, brethren, as Isaac was, are the children of promise.
Galatians 4:29
But as then he that was born after the flesh persecuted him that was born after the Spirit, even so it is now.
Judah vexing Ephraim (both vex each other today as well as then) but eventually, this will cease (Isaiah 11:13). Ishmael scoffed and mocked Isaac (Genesis 21:9), as Paul in this midrash says here.
Galatians 4:30
Nevertheless what saith the scripture? Cast out the bondwoman and her son: for the son of the bondwoman shall not be heir with the son of the freewoman.
Genesis 21:10. Get rid of the bondwoman and her son. Be born through the Spirit, not through the flesh. Paul is not indicating to cast out the torah (he calls it “scripture†here). This is only an allegory. He's speaking of that plane of existence. Cast out the spirit of fleshly operation (the torah itself is actually spiritual according to Paul's own words in Romans 7:14).
Galatians 4:31
So then, brethren, we are not children of the bondwoman, but of the free.
Amein!