Drew wrote"
The Socrates argument is indeed correct, but I believe that the "Calvinism proven" argument is not.
Here is the reason: Unlike statement 1 from the Socrates example ("Socrates is a man"), statement 1 from the "Calvinism" example ("God is a being who works all things after the counsel of His will") is subject to at least 2 very different readings, one of which I think causes the argument to fail.
First of all, the classical example with Socrates and my argument are both valid syllogisms. For those that have not trained in logic what this means is that the conclusions from both arguments necessarily follow from their premises. The arguments, whether you agree with the veracity of them or not, are valid.
Now, you are incorrect when you state that the first premise in the "Socrates argument" is: Socrates is a man. It is not the first and general premise. The first and general premise of Example 1, or, as you call it, the "Socrates argument" is: All men are mortal.
The next premise is the particular premise, and it is in this premise that the term Socrates is introduced: Socrates is a man.
In my argument, the first and general premise deals with the counsel of God. You seem to be confused in your comparison of my argument and the so-called "Socrates argument".
Anyway, your objection with my argument is not with the validity of the syllogism, but with meaning of my first and general premise. You equivocate a different meaning to this premise, claim that my meaning is wrong, then claim that my argument fails. You certainly can claim that there is a different meaning to the first and general premise of my argument, but, you will need to understand a couple of things should you wish to enter this debate.
First, if you are going to disagree with a premise in my argument, then you need to give your own definition. You do not give a definition, but you do claim that you have one. In fact, you claim that it is complex and you hope to give it later. This is simply begging the question. You need to prove what you claim. Until you do this, you simply don't have a dog in the fight.
Second, you need to make your argument from Scripture, as I did. You will need to demonstrate from Scripture that man has "free" will. I am not interested in secular reasoning apart from Scripture. I am arguing from Scripture Alone. Any argument not made from Scripture is simply not acceptable in this debate. I will not let you assume the Bible teaches "free" will. You, like Christian Soldier, will need to first demonstrate that the Bible teaches "free" will, before you argue the "notion that a sufficiently complex and powerful God can indeed fulfill his purposes even with certain variables (e.g. man's will) not fully under His control."
The "tennis" analogy is an inductive argument based on probability. As in all inductive arguments, if you can not close the induction, then you can not deduce with certainty. The best you can do is guess that the better player will win based upon past experience. This is why you state, "victory is not obvious, I admit." This is known as the fallacy of induction.
And the analogy may not be the right one.
No, I don't think it is a good analogy.
In the meantime, though, in order to claim the "Calvinism" argument as sound, you need to make a case that your statement 1 is indeed correct. It is certainly not self-evidently correct in the same way that the statement "All men are mortal" is correct.
Well, here you fail to realize that people with different presuppositions will interpret the terms: "man" and "mortal" differently, and can just as easily say that your use of those terms are not self-evident. For example, the study of anthropology is very different if you are a logical positivist, than if you are a Christian. The positivist will claim that part of the definition of man contains the negative proposition: Man is an animal not created. The Christian will claim that the definition of "man" presupposes the doctrine of not only creation, but also God. Terms must be defined, especially when someone, like you, enters an argument without identifying what they believe.
Here are some more indicative verses which back up the Biblical teaching that God determines the will of man, and thus supports my meaning in the first and general premise of my argument for Calvinism.
1)
"The preparations of the heart in man, and the answer of the tongue, is from the Lord" Proverbs 16:1.
Here we see God determines not only man's thoughts, but his vocal remarks. Notice there is not one mention of a "free" will.
2)
"The King's heart is in the hand of the Lord, as the rivers of water: He turneth it whithersoever He will" Proverbs 21:1.
Notice that here it is clearly implied that God determines the very will of the King. The King's mind is said to be in the very hand of God. This colorful language demonstrates the complete control God has over the mind of man. How do you like the Holy Spirit's analogy? The mind of the king is compared to a river which God can turn as He pleases.
3)
"He turned their heart to hate His people, to deal subtilly with His servants" Psalm 105:25.
Here we see the Psalmist declare that God determined the minds of the Egyptians to hate the children of Abraham. Not one word of "free" will. God governs all His creatures and all their actions.
4)
"Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear ye not therefore, ye are of more value than many sparrows" Matthew 10:29-31.
Here we see Christ declare by implication that not even a small sparrow can fall to the earth without God's determinate counsel. From this our Lord argues from the lesser to the greater when He infers that just as the destiny of a simple sparrow is determined by God, so too is the destiny of man, who is far more important than many sparrows. This is why man need not fear when confessing Christ before God's enemies. No enemy can harm us unless the Sovereign God of the universe has decreed it. Therefore, Christ is teaching that God's determinate counsel is the basis of our comfort. For those of you who have access to the Heidelberg Catechism, then you might wish to read the first question and answer of that great catechism. It wonderfully communicates this idea.
And even if we are persecuted we know that God has so determined the minds of men, and the results of their hateful actions, that "all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to His purpose" Romans 8:28. Something wholly impossible without God determining history and the minds of men!
These are just a few verses through the Old and New Testaments which teach that the will of man is determined by God. These verses also fully support my interpretation of Ephesians 1:11, which states that God "works all things after the counsel of His own will." Therefore, my argument is not only valid, but it is also true. I state the argument one more time for the readers:
Calvinism proven from Scripture
God is a being who works all things after the counsel of His will
Man's will is a thing
Therefore, God is a being who works man's will after the counsel of His will
See how simple that is?
Thank you Drew for your remarks.
Red Beetle