This seems to have generated a lot of heated discussion on another thread so thought I'd give it one of it's own.
Before we can begin to answer the question, I think we need to define evolution and what it is. The best place to look at definitions is the dictionary:
1) The process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
2) the gradual development of something:
the forms of written languages undergo constant evolution
3) Chemistry the giving off of a gaseous product, or of heat:
the evolution of oxygen occurs rapidly in this process
4) [count noun] a pattern of movements or manoeuvres:
flocks of waders often perform aerial evolutions
5) Mathematics, dated the extraction of a root from a given quantity.
Origin:
early 17th century: from Latin evolutio(n-) 'unrolling', from the verb evolvere (see evolve). Early senses related to movement, first recorded in describing a ‘wheeling’ manoeuvre in the realignment of troops or ships. Current senses stem from a notion of ‘opening out’, giving rise to the sense 'development'
http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/evolution?q=evolution
With the exception of definition 1, which I'll come back to in a moment, all the others simply mean 'change over time' in various contexts. First we had state a, now we have state b. Changes in species have been observed albleit in smaller organisms. Some viruses have evolved to now be resistant to most anti-biotics which I will refer to later.
Now definition 1 is generally what is meant by the theory of evolution. The view that life on earth has evolved from something to what it is now over a long period of time (note that it has to pre-suppose the existence of something to evolve, it offers no explanation for where that came from, a point to which I return) At this point I need to bring in the concept of common ancestry. I will be quoting defintions from chapter 5 an article by Dr Allan Harvey (
http://steamdoc.s5.com/sci-nature):
For a readable overview of common ancestry, I recommend The Language of God by Francis Collins, former director of the human genome project.
Coming back to the fact that viruses have evolved, another definition involves the mechanisms behind this:
So now that we have established some definitions (change over time, common ancestry, evolutionary mechanisms) lets look at what is meant by the theory of evolution:
Essentially it brings together the 3 established previous definitions of evolution and offers a theory to explain them.
The last sentence of the previous definition brings us onto the world view known as Evolutionism:
The age of the earth is a different question and the evidence for which will not be found in biology.
We need to be extremely careful in being clear in what we mean when talking about evolution. Are we referring to changes over time, the theory of evolution, or the evolutionism world view? They are 3 very different things. Regarding how this fits with the Christian faith, there is no conflict since the central claim of the Christian faith is that Jesus died for our sins and was raised again. How it fits with the Genesis creation account? Well that's a massive topic for another time and beyond the scope of the purpose of this thread.
But on that note, I would like to end with one of my favourite quotes from the late Stephen Jay Gould (taken from
http://www.stephenjaygould.org/reviews/gould_darwin-on-trial.html)
Peace with you all