Since 2 Corinthians 5:10 has been brought up:
Paul’s argument of 2 Corinthians 5:1-10 shows that Paul sees the “redeemed†indeed standing judgement at the end of their lives with eternal life at issue.
Consider the first five verses. Repeatedly Paul makes statements about a "we" who get certain things. And it is clear that Paul is talking about the conferral of eternal life with God. So the “we†that he is talking about must be believers – since presumably we all agree that only believers will get eternal life with God.
1Now we know that if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, not built by human hands. 2Meanwhile we groan, longing to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling, 3because when we are clothed, we will not be found naked. 4For while we are in this tent, we groan and are burdened, because we do not wish to be unclothed but to be clothed with our heavenly dwelling, so that what is mortal may be swallowed up by life. 5Now it is God who has made us for this very purpose and has given us the Spirit as a deposit, guaranteeing what is to come.
Paul's long list is about things that the redeemed will get and the lost will not.
And yet some will argue that believers are not part of the “we†that will stand judgement as per the following:
10For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad.
Such people argue that verse 10 describes a works-based judgement that believers will not be subject to.
It is simply not plausible that Paul would be excluding believers from the “we†in this text. How does it makes sense for Paul to give a glorious list of all the things that the elect and the elect only receive, conclude with a statement about a certain “we†getting in accordance with what was done in the body, all the while intending the reader to understand that, in verse 10, he is talking both about an entirely different group and an entirely different set of things that group will receive (since only believers will get the things mentioned in verse 1 through 5)?
In fact, all of the first nine verses deal with a “we†that can only be seen as denoting believers. And the first five verses focus on the specific reward of eternal life. So how is it possible for verse 10 to refer to a “we†that excludes believers? Or how is it possible that Paul has spent 5 verses dwelling on the reward of eternal life with God and then excludes this reward from the rewards that will given as per verse 10?
Verse 9 makes it even more clear that believers will indeed be subject to the “good works†judgement of verse 10:
So we make it our goal to please him, whether we are at home in the body or away from it. 10For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad
1. In verse 9 Paul exhorts believers to please God while in the body;
2. Paul says that there is a "we" who will be judged according to what is done "in the body";
3. Therefore, Paul must intend us to understand that the redeemed will be judged according to things done in the body. No competent writer would exhort believers to please God while we are "in the body" and then immediately make a "because" or "for" statement of the form "for we will receive according to what is done in the body", without intending the reader to think that the redeemed, the very ones who are exhorted to live well in the body, will come under this judgement.