- Dec 13, 2019
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How “orphan genes” still can’t be accounted for by evolution because of irreducible complexity, though secular media claims they prove evolution.
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[__ Science __ ] Is Evolution Creating “Genes from Scratch”?
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Barbarian
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It turns out that any new mutation adds information to the population genome. The calculations are accessible to anyone with high school math if anyone cares to see.
The discover that new genes are frequently produced by mutation on non-coding DNA was a major discovery...
Sci China Life Sci. 2019 Apr;62(4):579-593. doi: 10.1007/s11427-019-9482-0. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Origination and evolution of orphan genes and de novo genes in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Zhang W1,2, Gao Y3, Long M2,4, Shen B5.
Abstract
Orphan genes that lack detectable homologues in other lineages could contribute to a variety of biological functions. However, their origination and function mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, through a comprehensive and systematic computational pipeline, we identified 893 orphan genes in the lineage of C. elegans, of which only a low fraction (0.9%) were derived from transposon elements. Six new protein-coding genes that de novo originated from non-coding DNA sequences in the genome of C. elegans were also identified. The authenticity and functionality of these orphan genes and de novo genes are supported by three lines of evidences, consisting of transcriptional data, and in silico proteomic data, and the fixation status data in wild populations. Orphan genes and de novo genes exhibited simple gene structures, such as, short in protein length, of fewer exons, and are frequently X-linked. RNA-seq data analysis showed these orphan genes are enriched with expression in embryo development and gonad, and their potential function in early development was further supported by gene ontology enrichment analysis results. Meanwhile, de novo genes were found to be with significant expression in gonad, and functional enrichment analysis of the co-expression genes of these de novo genes suggested they may be functionally involved in signaling transduction pathway and metabolism process. Our results presented the first systematic evidence on the evolution of orphan genes and de novo origin of genes in nematodes and their impacts on the functional and phenotypic evolution, and thus could shed new light on our appreciation of the importance of these new genes.
The discover that new genes are frequently produced by mutation on non-coding DNA was a major discovery...
Sci China Life Sci. 2019 Apr;62(4):579-593. doi: 10.1007/s11427-019-9482-0. Epub 2019 Mar 21.
Origination and evolution of orphan genes and de novo genes in the genome of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Zhang W1,2, Gao Y3, Long M2,4, Shen B5.
Abstract
Orphan genes that lack detectable homologues in other lineages could contribute to a variety of biological functions. However, their origination and function mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, through a comprehensive and systematic computational pipeline, we identified 893 orphan genes in the lineage of C. elegans, of which only a low fraction (0.9%) were derived from transposon elements. Six new protein-coding genes that de novo originated from non-coding DNA sequences in the genome of C. elegans were also identified. The authenticity and functionality of these orphan genes and de novo genes are supported by three lines of evidences, consisting of transcriptional data, and in silico proteomic data, and the fixation status data in wild populations. Orphan genes and de novo genes exhibited simple gene structures, such as, short in protein length, of fewer exons, and are frequently X-linked. RNA-seq data analysis showed these orphan genes are enriched with expression in embryo development and gonad, and their potential function in early development was further supported by gene ontology enrichment analysis results. Meanwhile, de novo genes were found to be with significant expression in gonad, and functional enrichment analysis of the co-expression genes of these de novo genes suggested they may be functionally involved in signaling transduction pathway and metabolism process. Our results presented the first systematic evidence on the evolution of orphan genes and de novo origin of genes in nematodes and their impacts on the functional and phenotypic evolution, and thus could shed new light on our appreciation of the importance of these new genes.
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