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Are you taking the time to pray? Christ is the answer in times of need
https://christianforums.net/threads/psalm-70-1-save-me-o-god-lord-help-me-now.108509/
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How are famous preachers sometimes effected by sin?
Join Sola Scriptura for a discussion on the subject
https://christianforums.net/threads/anointed-preaching-teaching.109331/#post-1912042
The First Millenium
- Thread starter Vince
- Start date
We're not through with 892!
Angered by government corruption, a former general rebels against Silla, which controls the entire Korean peninsula. He seizes a provincial capital and then moves southward. Thus, “The Later Three Kingdoms†period begins.
Great Moravia, a large kingdom in central Europe that only lasted for seventy years, is invaded by Germany.
Once again, Denmark invades England, sending 330 ships full of Vikings and their families.
The ruler of the Moslem Empire dies, after an unsuccessful 22 year reign that included the loss of much of their eastern territory. Forcing himself onto the throne, the Caliph's nephew begins reforming the finances and the military, and he later reconquers Egypt (which had declared itself an independent Moslem state.)
Persian nobles install a new ruler, who officially acknowledges his subservience to the Moslem Empire while maintaining an independent state in eastern Iran.
Angered by government corruption, a former general rebels against Silla, which controls the entire Korean peninsula. He seizes a provincial capital and then moves southward. Thus, “The Later Three Kingdoms†period begins.
Great Moravia, a large kingdom in central Europe that only lasted for seventy years, is invaded by Germany.
Once again, Denmark invades England, sending 330 ships full of Vikings and their families.
The ruler of the Moslem Empire dies, after an unsuccessful 22 year reign that included the loss of much of their eastern territory. Forcing himself onto the throne, the Caliph's nephew begins reforming the finances and the military, and he later reconquers Egypt (which had declared itself an independent Moslem state.)
Persian nobles install a new ruler, who officially acknowledges his subservience to the Moslem Empire while maintaining an independent state in eastern Iran.
893 is a bad year for pagans and Vikings.
Vladimir, the King of Bulgaria who seeks to restore paganism, is overthrown by his father, who has him blinded.
Simeon the Great begins his 34 year reign over Bulgaria. He will extend Bulgaria's borders into modern Greece, Turkey, Russia, and northern Europe, reaching its greatest area. He will usher in The Golden Age of Bulgarian Culture, and he will defeat Byzantium, the Magyars, and the Serbs. Declaring the Bulgarian Orthodox Church to be fully independent, he establishes Bulgaria's own Patriarch, expels all Byzantine clergy, bans the Greek language, and makes Bulgarian the only language of both Church and State.
Near the English coast, thirty miles east of London, the Vikings have established a powerful base at South Benfleet. Edward the Elder, son of Alfred the Great, leads an army that smashes the Vikings. Meanwhile, Alfred the Great is busy smashing a Viking army that is besieging Essex, and then he runs around the country hitting Vikings wherever he can.
Vladimir, the King of Bulgaria who seeks to restore paganism, is overthrown by his father, who has him blinded.
Simeon the Great begins his 34 year reign over Bulgaria. He will extend Bulgaria's borders into modern Greece, Turkey, Russia, and northern Europe, reaching its greatest area. He will usher in The Golden Age of Bulgarian Culture, and he will defeat Byzantium, the Magyars, and the Serbs. Declaring the Bulgarian Orthodox Church to be fully independent, he establishes Bulgaria's own Patriarch, expels all Byzantine clergy, bans the Greek language, and makes Bulgarian the only language of both Church and State.
Near the English coast, thirty miles east of London, the Vikings have established a powerful base at South Benfleet. Edward the Elder, son of Alfred the Great, leads an army that smashes the Vikings. Meanwhile, Alfred the Great is busy smashing a Viking army that is besieging Essex, and then he runs around the country hitting Vikings wherever he can.
894 is a year of rebellion.
Immediately after swearing allegiance to Alfred the Great, two English kingdoms attack him. This is not too smart, as Alfred tends to win his wars. But for now, a large group of Vikings had berthed their ships twenty miles north of London on the Thames River and dug themselves in.
You might remember that the Umayyad Empire had been the first Moslem Empire until they lost a civil war. However, the Umayyads had managed to hold onto southern Spain and a small portion of northern Africa. But this year, the Umayyads seize all of northern Africa from the new Moslem Empire.
Byzantium plays it smart. They ally with the Hungarians (who at this time are a large group of pillagers in eastern Europe) against the Bulgarians, forcing Bulgaria to sign a peace treaty. Having obtained peace, Byzantium promptly betrays the Hungarians and allies with Bulgaria, thus keeping the two at war with each other instead of with Byzantium.
Japanese envoys to China had been bringing back Chinese culture, science, and Buddhism. Japan hadn't really objected to this, but with the Tang Dynasty unable to maintain order, all Japanese envoys are recalled.
Immediately after swearing allegiance to Alfred the Great, two English kingdoms attack him. This is not too smart, as Alfred tends to win his wars. But for now, a large group of Vikings had berthed their ships twenty miles north of London on the Thames River and dug themselves in.
You might remember that the Umayyad Empire had been the first Moslem Empire until they lost a civil war. However, the Umayyads had managed to hold onto southern Spain and a small portion of northern Africa. But this year, the Umayyads seize all of northern Africa from the new Moslem Empire.
Byzantium plays it smart. They ally with the Hungarians (who at this time are a large group of pillagers in eastern Europe) against the Bulgarians, forcing Bulgaria to sign a peace treaty. Having obtained peace, Byzantium promptly betrays the Hungarians and allies with Bulgaria, thus keeping the two at war with each other instead of with Byzantium.
Japanese envoys to China had been bringing back Chinese culture, science, and Buddhism. Japan hadn't really objected to this, but with the Tang Dynasty unable to maintain order, all Japanese envoys are recalled.
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Today is 895.
Moving fast, Alfred the Great blockades the large Danish fleet that is twenty miles from London and then drives off the Danes. The English Navy just grew a lot bigger.
Driven out of Russia, the Magyars migrate to eastern Europe, where they join their brethren in plundering the area. Thinking that they are returning Huns (they aren't), the people name them "Hungarians."
About this time, the Musica Enchiriadis is written. This anonymous treatise explains the concepts of musical notes, tones, melodies, and even moods, and is the foundation of modern music.
Moving fast, Alfred the Great blockades the large Danish fleet that is twenty miles from London and then drives off the Danes. The English Navy just grew a lot bigger.
Driven out of Russia, the Magyars migrate to eastern Europe, where they join their brethren in plundering the area. Thinking that they are returning Huns (they aren't), the people name them "Hungarians."
About this time, the Musica Enchiriadis is written. This anonymous treatise explains the concepts of musical notes, tones, melodies, and even moods, and is the foundation of modern music.
Welcome to 896.
Ukraine's borders have often changed, but it is generally located in eastern Europe, at times extending into central Europe and western Asia. Simeon the Great, King of the Bulgarians, wins a smashing victory over the Magyars, driving them out of Ukraine forever. The defeated Magyars head west to join their cousins, and they will later form the nation of Hungary.
Gathering momentum, Simeon annihilates a Byzantine army sent against him, and in the following years he will win one smashing victory after anther over Byzantium.
Meanwhile, Eastern France invades and conquers Italy (which only controls the northern part of the Italian Peninsula).
Boniface VI becomes Pope and dies fifteen days later.
Stephen VI becomes Pope, and he has enraged local rulers to deal with. He digs up Pope Formosus (who had made him a bishop), dresses him in papal robes, and puts him on trial. He finds Formosus guilty and condemns him, starting more trouble. The next year, local authorities arrest Stephen and have him strangled.
With the Vikings in defeat and retreat all over England, Alfred the Great rebuilds the walls of London.
Ukraine's borders have often changed, but it is generally located in eastern Europe, at times extending into central Europe and western Asia. Simeon the Great, King of the Bulgarians, wins a smashing victory over the Magyars, driving them out of Ukraine forever. The defeated Magyars head west to join their cousins, and they will later form the nation of Hungary.
Gathering momentum, Simeon annihilates a Byzantine army sent against him, and in the following years he will win one smashing victory after anther over Byzantium.
Meanwhile, Eastern France invades and conquers Italy (which only controls the northern part of the Italian Peninsula).
Boniface VI becomes Pope and dies fifteen days later.
Stephen VI becomes Pope, and he has enraged local rulers to deal with. He digs up Pope Formosus (who had made him a bishop), dresses him in papal robes, and puts him on trial. He finds Formosus guilty and condemns him, starting more trouble. The next year, local authorities arrest Stephen and have him strangled.
With the Vikings in defeat and retreat all over England, Alfred the Great rebuilds the walls of London.
897 is an interesting year for Popes.
Pope Stephen Vi is strangled by his political opponents.
Romanus becomes Pope for three months. A pious man, he is quickly deposed by local authorities and quietly retires as a monk.
In December, Theodore II becomes Pope, dying of natural causes twenty days later. He has the body of Pope Formosus re-interred in the Bascilica of Saint Peter and he restores all decrees and appointments of Formosus.
Daigo begins his thirty-three year reign as Emperor of Japan. His reign is calm and uneventful.
Pope Stephen Vi is strangled by his political opponents.
Romanus becomes Pope for three months. A pious man, he is quickly deposed by local authorities and quietly retires as a monk.
In December, Theodore II becomes Pope, dying of natural causes twenty days later. He has the body of Pope Formosus re-interred in the Bascilica of Saint Peter and he restores all decrees and appointments of Formosus.
Daigo begins his thirty-three year reign as Emperor of Japan. His reign is calm and uneventful.
You have now reached 898!
John IX becomes Pope. Reigning only two years, he successfully avoids rioting by holding a variety of synods which re-affirm the legitimacy of Pope Formosa’s decrees; he restores all Formosa’s appointments and removes their replacements.
In Western France, Charles the Simple inherits the throne and begins a thirty-one year persecution of Jews, seizing their lands and donating them to the Catholic Church. After winning a decisive victory over the Vikings that establishes peace, Charles eventually alienated the nobility by his blatant favoritism. Overthrown in battle, he died in prison.
After forty years of ruining the country, Ethiopia's evil Queen Gudit dies. She had vigorously persecuted Christianity and had massacred her opponents, leaving much of the country in ruins.
John IX becomes Pope. Reigning only two years, he successfully avoids rioting by holding a variety of synods which re-affirm the legitimacy of Pope Formosa’s decrees; he restores all Formosa’s appointments and removes their replacements.
In Western France, Charles the Simple inherits the throne and begins a thirty-one year persecution of Jews, seizing their lands and donating them to the Catholic Church. After winning a decisive victory over the Vikings that establishes peace, Charles eventually alienated the nobility by his blatant favoritism. Overthrown in battle, he died in prison.
After forty years of ruining the country, Ethiopia's evil Queen Gudit dies. She had vigorously persecuted Christianity and had massacred her opponents, leaving much of the country in ruins.
Welcome to 899.
Alfred the Great dies. This great warrior, politician, and scholar had never become the king of all England, but in the face of Viking conquest he had united much of the land. His son, Edward the Elder, a successful warrior and politician, takes the throne.
Plunging to the center of Italy (on the northern part of the Italian Peninsula) the Magyars pillage the city of Reggio Emilia, killing the bishop, and then leaving. The Italians fortify the city with walls and a castle as a result.
Alfred the Great dies. This great warrior, politician, and scholar had never become the king of all England, but in the face of Viking conquest he had united much of the land. His son, Edward the Elder, a successful warrior and politician, takes the throne.
Plunging to the center of Italy (on the northern part of the Italian Peninsula) the Magyars pillage the city of Reggio Emilia, killing the bishop, and then leaving. The Italians fortify the city with walls and a castle as a result.
It's a new day and a new century, so welcome to the year 900.
Four key events occurred in the ninth century we have just left behind:
1) Once again, China has become disunified, as the powerful Tang Dynasty has lost its ability to rule the nation. Still one nation, it is ruled by local leaders who pay lip service to the Emperor.
2) Not realizing the disaster that would follow, the Pope became temporal ruler of the center of the Italian Peninsula. The Papacy is now controlled by politicians, and the break between the eastern and western parts of the Church is growing stronger.
3) By conquering most of central and southern Britain, the Vikings forced the various kingdoms to unite into what will eventually become England.
4) The Middle Ages have reached eastern Europe, where Bulgaria, Hungary, Norway, and other nations have formed or are being formed. Some, like Greater Moravia, Serbia, and the Holy Roman Empire, will leave an influence but will not survive to the twenty-first century.
Four key events occurred in the ninth century we have just left behind:
1) Once again, China has become disunified, as the powerful Tang Dynasty has lost its ability to rule the nation. Still one nation, it is ruled by local leaders who pay lip service to the Emperor.
2) Not realizing the disaster that would follow, the Pope became temporal ruler of the center of the Italian Peninsula. The Papacy is now controlled by politicians, and the break between the eastern and western parts of the Church is growing stronger.
3) By conquering most of central and southern Britain, the Vikings forced the various kingdoms to unite into what will eventually become England.
4) The Middle Ages have reached eastern Europe, where Bulgaria, Hungary, Norway, and other nations have formed or are being formed. Some, like Greater Moravia, Serbia, and the Holy Roman Empire, will leave an influence but will not survive to the twenty-first century.
It's our second day in the year 900. Many dates are approximate, but here are some of the key events of the new tenth century:
About this time, Central America and southern Mexico enter the “Post-Classic Period.†The once-great Mayan Empire is disintegrating, and important cities decline while new cities become important. But the Mayan Empire is declining nonetheless. This period lasts for about 600 years, ending with the Spanish conquest.
Central Mexico sees the rise of the Toltec Empire. Their legendary leader Our Prince One-Reed Feathered Serpent will abolish human sacrifice and establish a nation of peace and prosperity that will end with their absorption into the Aztec Empire about the year 1000.
And in the southwestern United States, the Pueblo People, who inhabit thousands of square miles of desert and cliffs, will reach their Golden Age. And in the southeastern United States, the Mississippian Culture begins. It will eventually expand to include about one-third of the continental United States (not counting Alaska and Hawaii) and will survive until the arrival of the Spanish six centuries later.
About this time, Central America and southern Mexico enter the “Post-Classic Period.†The once-great Mayan Empire is disintegrating, and important cities decline while new cities become important. But the Mayan Empire is declining nonetheless. This period lasts for about 600 years, ending with the Spanish conquest.
Central Mexico sees the rise of the Toltec Empire. Their legendary leader Our Prince One-Reed Feathered Serpent will abolish human sacrifice and establish a nation of peace and prosperity that will end with their absorption into the Aztec Empire about the year 1000.
And in the southwestern United States, the Pueblo People, who inhabit thousands of square miles of desert and cliffs, will reach their Golden Age. And in the southeastern United States, the Mississippian Culture begins. It will eventually expand to include about one-third of the continental United States (not counting Alaska and Hawaii) and will survive until the arrival of the Spanish six centuries later.
For the third time, we are in the year 900 AD.
The Medieval Warm Period had begun about fifty years earlier, and now it's getting serious. The North Atlantic temperatures rise, and for another 250 years, Europe will have unusually warm weather, followed by "The Little Ice Age."
Somebody kills a lion in the Caucasus Mountains of eastern Europe, and thus wild lion become extinct in Europe. Reindeer and bear become extinct in Britain.
Beaten on every side, some Vikings settle in northern France and become the Normans.
Historians agree that this is the worst century in the history of Europe, although Byzantium reaches the height of its economic and military power. The Moslem Empire also reaches the height of its power.
The Medieval Warm Period had begun about fifty years earlier, and now it's getting serious. The North Atlantic temperatures rise, and for another 250 years, Europe will have unusually warm weather, followed by "The Little Ice Age."
Somebody kills a lion in the Caucasus Mountains of eastern Europe, and thus wild lion become extinct in Europe. Reindeer and bear become extinct in Britain.
Beaten on every side, some Vikings settle in northern France and become the Normans.
Historians agree that this is the worst century in the history of Europe, although Byzantium reaches the height of its economic and military power. The Moslem Empire also reaches the height of its power.
It's our third day in the year 900.
The area between Egypt and Ethiopia is desert, with the Red Sea forming its eastern border. But during this century, the Christian Nubian Kingdom, will reach its height. Today, the area comprises the nation of Sudan.
There's a lot of debate about exactly what happened, but in the western Pacific Ocean, the island nation of Tonga establishes a vast trade empire. Expanding through influence and voluntary submission, there is little war as this large and prosperous kingdom expands.
In the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, the Tainos and Caribs are struggling for dominance. They have jointly settled many of the large islands and organized local chiefdoms. During this century, the Tainos will be more successful, but the Caribs will start gaining the upper hand during the next century. By the time the Spanish conquer them, the Caribs dominate the area.
The area between Egypt and Ethiopia is desert, with the Red Sea forming its eastern border. But during this century, the Christian Nubian Kingdom, will reach its height. Today, the area comprises the nation of Sudan.
There's a lot of debate about exactly what happened, but in the western Pacific Ocean, the island nation of Tonga establishes a vast trade empire. Expanding through influence and voluntary submission, there is little war as this large and prosperous kingdom expands.
In the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, the Tainos and Caribs are struggling for dominance. They have jointly settled many of the large islands and organized local chiefdoms. During this century, the Tainos will be more successful, but the Caribs will start gaining the upper hand during the next century. By the time the Spanish conquer them, the Caribs dominate the area.
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Now we're actually describing the year 900 itself.
A confederation of Magyars, Khazars, and others move into the Carpathian Basin, where they absorb about 20,000 Slavs already there. And thus, the nation of Hungary is born.
In Korea, a disenchanted general revolts and founds the kingdom of Hubaekje. It lasts 36 years, before his warring sons weaken the kingdom enough that it is defeated.
Pope Benedict IV begins his three year reign. Competent, honest, and generous, he excommunicates Baldwin II, ruler of Flanders, for murdering a bishop. This was a courageous move, as Baldwin had been smashing Viking invaders for years and had been expanding his territory.
Sunni Moslems win control of the Moslem Empire and begin persecution of the Shiite Moslems.
A confederation of Magyars, Khazars, and others move into the Carpathian Basin, where they absorb about 20,000 Slavs already there. And thus, the nation of Hungary is born.
In Korea, a disenchanted general revolts and founds the kingdom of Hubaekje. It lasts 36 years, before his warring sons weaken the kingdom enough that it is defeated.
Pope Benedict IV begins his three year reign. Competent, honest, and generous, he excommunicates Baldwin II, ruler of Flanders, for murdering a bishop. This was a courageous move, as Baldwin had been smashing Viking invaders for years and had been expanding his territory.
Sunni Moslems win control of the Moslem Empire and begin persecution of the Shiite Moslems.
Welcome to the year 901.
In Mexico, the Mayans dedicate a ball-playing court.
In north Africa, Berber Moslems successfully revolt and establish their own kingdom.
Taizu, a Chinese general, rebels and seizes the capital of the Tang Dynasty, plunging China into civil war.
Kan Shojo, a Japanese official and outstanding poet, is sent into exile for political reasons. He dies a lonely death two years alter, and Japan is struck with such an outbreak of floods, famines, and dead sons of the Emperor that they deify him to calm him down.
Coming out of Sicily, Moslems sack the extreme southern part of the Italian Peninsula (which is part of Byzantium) and then leave.
Wessex rebels against English King Edward the Elder. Over the next two years they will unite with the Danes in their revolt, but be defeated.
In Mexico, the Mayans dedicate a ball-playing court.
In north Africa, Berber Moslems successfully revolt and establish their own kingdom.
Taizu, a Chinese general, rebels and seizes the capital of the Tang Dynasty, plunging China into civil war.
Kan Shojo, a Japanese official and outstanding poet, is sent into exile for political reasons. He dies a lonely death two years alter, and Japan is struck with such an outbreak of floods, famines, and dead sons of the Emperor that they deify him to calm him down.
Coming out of Sicily, Moslems sack the extreme southern part of the Italian Peninsula (which is part of Byzantium) and then leave.
Wessex rebels against English King Edward the Elder. Over the next two years they will unite with the Danes in their revolt, but be defeated.
Welcome to 902.
About this time, someone invents the "four-horsepower horse." Huh? One horsepower refers to the amount of load pulled by a horse with a rope around its neck. But someone invents the "draft collar" that puts the weight on the horse's shoulders, allowing a horse to pull four times as much.
Moslems capture Majorca, a large island off Spain's eastern coast.
About this time, someone invents the "four-horsepower horse." Huh? One horsepower refers to the amount of load pulled by a horse with a rope around its neck. But someone invents the "draft collar" that puts the weight on the horse's shoulders, allowing a horse to pull four times as much.
Moslems capture Majorca, a large island off Spain's eastern coast.
Okay, let's see, it's 903.
903 is a very bad year for the papacy. Pope Benedict IV, an honest man, dies and is replaced by a priest who becomes Pope Leo V. Thirty days later, Pope Leo is deposed by a cardinal who reigns for several months as Pope Christopher. Pope Leo dies shortly afterwards in prison. Considered a Pope by all his successors, Christopher was stricken from the official Catholic list of Popes in the early Twentieth Century.
Vikings invade England...again.
903 is a very bad year for the papacy. Pope Benedict IV, an honest man, dies and is replaced by a priest who becomes Pope Leo V. Thirty days later, Pope Leo is deposed by a cardinal who reigns for several months as Pope Christopher. Pope Leo dies shortly afterwards in prison. Considered a Pope by all his successors, Christopher was stricken from the official Catholic list of Popes in the early Twentieth Century.
Vikings invade England...again.