Matthew 10:28 “And do not fear those who kill the body but are unable to kill the soul; but rather fear Him who is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.
Macarthur
It should be made clear that
destroy does not here mean annihilation. The lost will not cease to exist, but in their resurrected bodies “will go away into eternal punishment,” just as the saved in their resurrected bodies will go into “eternal life” (
Mat_25:46). The word behind
destroy (appolumi) does not convey the notion of extinction but of great loss or ruin. Paul uses the same term in
2Th_1:9, where he speaks of “eternal destruction”—a phrase that would not make sense if “destruction” meant annihilation, which by definition cannot be eternal. That which is annihilated ceases to exist.
Destroy (
622)(
apollumi from
apo = away from or wholly +
olethros = state of utter ruin <>
ollumi = to destroy <> root of
apollyon [Re 9:11] = destroyer) means to destroy utterly but not to cause one to cease to exist.
Apollumi as it relates to men, is not the loss of
being per se, but is more the loss of
well-being. It means to ruin so that the person ruined can no longer serve the use for which he or she was designed. The gospel promises everlasting life for the one who believes. The failure to possess this life will result in
utter ruin and eternal uselessness (but not a cessation of existence) In summary,
apollumi then has the basic meaning of describing that which is ruined and is no longer usable for its intended purpose. Woe!
RWP
Destroy both soul and body in hell (
kai psuchēn kai sōma apolesai en geennēi). Note “soul” here of the eternal spirit, not just life in the body. “Destroy” here is not annihilation, but eternal punishment in Gehenna (the real hell) for which see note on
Mat_5:22. Bruce thinks that the devil as the tempter is here meant, not God as the judge, but surely he is wrong. There is no more needed lesson today than the fear of God.
Perish (
622) (
apollumi from
apo = away from or wholly +
olethros = state of utter ruin <>
ollumi = to destroy <> root of
apollyon [
Re 9:11] = destroyer) means to destroy utterly but not to caused to cease to exist.
Apollumi as it relates to men, is not the loss of being per se, but is more the loss of well-being. It means to ruin so that the person (or thing) ruined can no longer serve the use for which he (it) was designed. To render useless. The gospel promises everlasting life for the one who believes. The failure to possess this life will result in utter ruin and eternal uselessness (but not a cessation of existence).
Apollumi then has the basic meaning of describing that which is ruined and is no longer usable for its intended purpose.
John MacArthur writes that "
Apollumi (destroy) refers to utter devastation. But as the noted Greek scholar W. E. Vine explains, “The idea is not extinction but ruin, loss, not of being, but of well-being” (An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words [Westwood, N.J.: Revel, 1940]). The term is often used in the New Testament to indicate eternal damnation (see, e.g., Mt 10:28; Lk 13:3; Jn 3:16; Ro. 2:12), which applies to unbelievers. But even with that meaning the word does not connote extinction, as annihilationists claim, but rather spiritual calamity that will continue forever. (
MacArthur, J: Romans 9-16. Chicago: Moody Press)
Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon defines
apollumi as “to be delivered up to eternal misery” (p. 36). Since Thayer himself was a
Unitarian who did not believe in eternal punishment, his definition could only be the result of his knowledge of the meaning of this Greek word. There is no lexicographical evidence for the annihilationist’s position that apollumi means “to annihilate” or “to pass into nonexistence.”
Jesus used
apollumi to remind His disciples what happened when men "put new wine into old wineskins" for they knew that this would make "the wineskins burs
t… and the wineskins are
ruined (apollumi)". (Mt 9:17). The point is that these wineskins
did not cease to exist but
they did cease to fulfill the function for which they were created. In short they were rendered useless. In a similar way, the noun form,
apoleia, is used to describe the reaction of the disciples when they saw the woman anointing Jesus' head with "costly perfume" (Mt 26:8). They became "indignant when they saw this and said "Why this
waste (noun form =
apoleia)" In essence they were asking Jesus why are You letting the precious oil perish and be rendered useless? The ointment did not go out of existence, but was used for what they judged to be a useless purpose (were they ever wrong!). In a similar way all men and women are created by God for fellowship with Him and for His glory (cf Isa 43:7), but when they individually refuse to come to Him for salvation they lose their opportunity for redemption and for becoming what God originally created them for. Their lives are wasted and useless (eternally)! They are fit only for everlasting condemnation and destruction away from the presence and the glory of the Father. This is the awful picture of what it means to "
perish". This is not the desire of God for as Peter writes "The Lord is not slow about His promise, as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing for any to
perish but for all to come to repentance." (2Pe 3:9-
note)