To understand the outworking of the gift of tongues, it would be appropriate to reflect on the evidence of the experience, and the teachings and comments in scripture relating to it.
Mark records that just before Jesus ascended into heaven he appeared to his disciples and said to them,
"Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation. Whoever believes and is baptised will be saved, but whoever does not believe will be condemned. And these signs will accompany those who believe: In my name they will drive out demons; they will speak in new tongues; they will pick up snakes with their hands; and when they drink deadly poison, it will not hurt them at all; they will place their hands on sick people, and they will get well."
This is the only record of Jesus referring to ‘speaking in tongues,’ and there doesn't seem to be any special significance attributed to this gift.
After Jesus ascended to heaven, Luke records in the book of Acts, the inauguration of the Spirit.
“When the day of Pentecost came, they were all together in one place. Suddenly a sound like the blowing of a violent wind came from heaven and filled the whole house where they were sitting. They saw what seemed to be tongues of fire that separated and came to rest on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them. Now there were staying in Jerusalem God-fearing Jews from every nation under heaven. When they heard this sound, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking in his own language. Utterly amazed, they asked: "Are not all these men who are speaking Galileans? Then how is it that each of us hears them in his own native language? Parthians, Medes and Elamites; residents of Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia, Egypt and the parts of Libya near Cyrene; visitors from Rome (both Jews and converts to Judaism); Cretans and Arabs--we hear them declaring the wonders of God in our own tongues!" Amazed and perplexed, they asked one another, ‘What does this mean?’â€Â
Peter stood up and addressed the crowd and said, “This is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: ‘In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy, your young men will see visions, your old men will dream dreams. Even on my servants, both men and women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days, and they will prophesy. I will show wonders in the heaven above and signs on the earth below, blood and fire and billows of smoke. The sun will be turned to darkness and the moon to blood before the coming of the great and glorious day of the Lord. And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.’â€Â
In the context of this phenomenon, the gift of tongues that was received by the apostles was the ability to speak to other nationals in their own native language. All those who spoke in tongues were Galileans, and yet the interpretation was received through many different native languages.
In the context of this environment Paul writes:
‘In the law it is written, “Through men of strange tongues and through the lips of foreigners, I will speak to this people, but even then they will not listen to me.â€Â’
Paul explains this communication as a sign, not for believers but for unbelievers.
Cornelius receives the Holy Spirit
Up until now, the gospel had not been preached among the Gentiles and had been exclusively ministered to the Jews.
There was a Gentile called Cornelius the Centurion, a man of faith, a righteous and God-fearing man. One day God spoke to Peter and told him to go to Cornelius and tell him of the good news of the gospel. While Peter was preaching, Cornelius and all his household believed and were baptised in the Holy Spirit.
The Jews that had come with Peter were astonished that the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out even on the Gentiles. For they heard them speaking in tongues and praising God.
The gift of tongues that was spoken here was not interpreted by the listeners, but rather a language of praise.
Paul confirms this in his directive and writes, For anyone who speaks in a tongue does not speak to men but to God. Indeed, no one understands him; he utters mysteries with his spirit.
Paul meets the men of Ephesus
Luke records an instance when Paul came across some disciples and asked them,
"Did you receive the Holy Spirit when you believed?" They answered, "No, we have not even heard that there is a Holy Spirit." So Paul asked, "Then what baptism did you receive?" "John's baptism," they replied.
Paul said, “John’s baptism was a baptism of repentance, he told the people to believe in the one coming after him, that is in Jesus.†On hearing this they were baptised into the name of the Lord Jesus and when Paul laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them and they spoke in tongues and prophesied. There were about twelve men in all.
This passage of scripture is possibly the most quoted passage to back up the theory that being ‘saved’ and being ‘baptised in the Holy Spirit’ are two separate experiences, and that speaking in tongues is proof of the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
To clarify our train of thought it must be said, that to use the scripture as a theological premise for such a distortion of the gospel, is to take the gospel of faith and present it as a gospel of works – which is no gospel at all. Any scripture taken out of the context of which it is presented and used to backup a theological distortion, results in the presentation of a false gospel.
And Paul writes, ‘If anyone is preaching to you a gospel other that what you accepted let him be eternally condemned.’
Now let us look closely at the whole context of Luke’s record concerning these men of Ephesus. To do this, we will backpedal a little to cover Paul’s tracks leading up to this encounter.
Paul had been with the believers for some time in Corinth and now decided it was time to move on. So he left the brothers and accompanied by Priscilla and Aquila sailed for Syria. Upon arriving at Ephesus, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila and went on to debate the Scriptures with the Jews, preach the Gospel, and strengthen the disciples throughout the region of Galatia and Phrygia. While Paul was away, Priscilla and Aquila heard a man named Apollos preaching in the synagogue. He was a native of Alexandria and had come to Ephesus.
Luke writes that Apollos was a learned man with a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures. He had been instructed in the way of the Lord, and he spoke with great fervor and taught about Jesus accurately, though he knew only the baptism of John.’
Priscilla and Aquila invited him to their home and explained to him as to the establishment of the new covenant. As Apollos was a humble man, and a man of faith he accepted the teachings of Priscilla and Aquila, received the baptism of the Holy Spirit and went on to become one of the great apostles of the Christian faith.
Now we must understand that until the Holy Spirit had come upon Cornelius, the Gospel was exclusively preached as a promise to those under the law, and the baptism of John was only exercised under the umbrella of Judaism.
The twelve men that Paul met in Ephesus were all Jews, disciples of Apollos and knew only of the teachings ministered by Apollos prior to the up-date by Priscilla and Aquila. Yes! These men were also men of faith having been baptised by the baptism of John in preparation for the coming of the Messiah. They were eagerly awaiting the establishment of the new covenant, and along with all of us who believe, were marked in Him with the Seal, the promised Holy Spirit, who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance until the redemption of those who are God's possession.
Luke also records that as the Holy Spirit came upon them they spoke in tongues and prophesied. However, Paul does not say whether they all spoke in tongues and all prophesied or whether half of them spoke in tongues and the other half prophesied or whatever. Who knows? Nevertheless, we do know that the Holy Spirit came upon all of them.
We praise the Lord for the book of Acts and the dedication of Luke in recording these events.
However it would also do us good to remember that these events in themselves do not constitute a theological law that dictates what God must do to satisfy man’s interpretation of spiritual growth.
It would appear that the early church (especially the church of Corinth) had quite a struggle with the discipline required for the harmonious ministry of the gifts, especially the gift of tongues.
Paul writes a word of instruction, to the church of Corinth - of which we have a copy - and we should use it for correction among the Gentile church of today.
The real issue that Paul is addressing here is division among Gods people, and if the gifts of the spirit are not exercised in a manner of love and consideration for those around you, then you are nothing more than a resounding gong, or a clanging cymbal.
As the gifts are subject to the vessel, any inconsiderate practice of the gifts would be an abuse of God's grace and a stinking display of self-righteousness.
Right from the beginning of Paul's address on the gifts, he reminds us to follow the way of love and eagerly desire spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy.
He who speaks in a tongue does not speak to men but to God. Indeed no one understands him: He utters mysteries with his spirit. But everyone who prophesies speaks to men for their strengthening, encouragement and comfort. He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but he who prophesies edifies the church. I would like every one of you to speak in tongues, but I would rather have you prophesy. He who prophesies is greater than one who speaks in tongues, unless he interprets so that the church maybe edified.
If the whole church comes together and everyone speaks in tongues and some who do not understand, or some unbelievers come in, will they not say you are out of your mind?
I thank God that I speak in tongues more than all of you. But in the church I would rather speak five intelligible words to instruct others than ten thousand words in a tongue.â€Â
Just in closing on this rather complex and controversial issue, it must be firmly established that the highest order of God’s calling is rooted in the gift of love and as Paul states, “and now I will show you the most excellent wayâ€Â
“If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am only a resounding gong or a clanging cymbal. If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have a faith that can move mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. If I give all I possess to the poor and surrender my body to the flames, but have not love, I gain nothing.
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.
Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away. For we know in part and we prophesy in part, but when perfection comes, the imperfect disappears.
When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me. Now we see but a poor reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall knowfully, even as I am fully known.
And now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love.â€Â
Taken from a document which I collaborated with a friend to produce entitled "If you care (read this) The Gospel"