westtexas said:
Joe or Dad, let me ask y'all a question and if any of this is incorrect please correct me on the issue. I knew very little on this subject before this thread began (and it has been quite interesting and informative). Originally the Septuagint had the apocrypha dispursed throughout the book and not at the end of the OT.
Yes, but we do not know at what point the individual books were entered into the LXX. Scholars generally accept that the LXX as it is now existed as it did during the days of before Christ (except, obviously, books written after Christ!). The compilation seems to be gradual, just as the original Hebrew had a gradual canon formation. It appears that "canon" was very free flowing before the Fall of Jerusalem.
westtexas said:
At some point in time the RCC decided that the books of the Apocrypha were canonical with the exception of 1&2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh which the Orthodox Church still accepts as canonical.
1 Esdras is Ezra in the Vulgate.
2 Esdras is Nehemiah in the Vulgate.
3 Esdras is made up almost entirely from canonical books of the Catholic Church, although IT is not "canonical. It just stops in mid-sentence and the book is actually incomplete...
4 Esdras is called 2 Esdras in Protestant Apocrypha (yea, its confusing!). The book is one of the most beautiful of ancient Jewish literature, some Fathers do quote from it, and some is used in Divine Liturgy (The second chapter has furnished the verse Requiem æternam to the Office of the Dead), but its origin is shrouded in mystery and parts of it appear to have been written in the third century.
Generally speaking, most religions "canonize" writings due to extended usage among its community. The Jews (all of their sects) came to agree what was sacred to them, as do the various Christians communities . Thus, the Western Catholics of the first few centuries saw inspiration and used those books - and the later generations continued that use and eventually came to officially accept them.
westtexas said:
During the Reformation, the Protestant Church decided that the 7 books which the RCC accepts were not canonical. What is the difference between the Orthodox Church and the RCC?
The East and the West became culturally separate even before the Great Schism in the eleventh century. The Greeks used particular writings that the Latins did not, thus, there is a slight variation. In addition, the West sooner found the "need" to canonize.
Interestingly, the Orthodox still have a big problem with the Book of Revelation...
westtexas said:
Do you not feel that the RCC has done the same as the Protestant Church and accepted books from the Septuagint which prove their doctrine (purgatory, prayers for the dead, etc., ) and discarded the others?
Yes.
Didn't expect that, did you?!! ;)
The primary difference, I suppose, is "what was being rejected" by each group above. What was the Catholic Church rejecting and what was the Lutheran community rejecting?
But that is exactly my point - that communities of faith determine what is inspired by God FOR THEM. Naturally, the Catholic Church claims that God's Spirit is involved in that process. Gnostics consider Thomas sacred, we do not, because of its theological content AS WELL as doubting whether the Apostle Thomas actually wrote it. Marking a canon is meant for people of that community. Martin Luther rejected Eck's proof of Purgatory because he claimed 2 Maccabees was not a canonical work. He was then forced to reject the Christian Vulgate and Tradition and take up the "Hebrew" Tradition, which, ironically, relies on a 1000 year tradition of remembering where the vowels go orally! I don't think Luther intended on going as far as he did with all of his rejection of so much ancient Tradition (remember, he WAS Catholic!). But the rest is history!
My main point here is to say that the Scriptures are not self-authenticating and that determining what they are absolutely relies on a church, a visible community that vouches for the original prophets and holy men who wrote those works.
The bible, at the end of the day, is a work of men inspired by God. There really is no "scientific" way of entirely figuring out what IS Scriptures without the Church - as we believe the Church is ALSO "inspired" by God to recognize the contents of Scriptures. Trying to prove otherwise, like Paul, is merely "begging the question". The hearers of Paul and James "knew" that these men were speaking for God.
Regards