Forgive me if these points have been made.
The woman is the body of Christ, all believers. There are two woman portrayed, the pure apostolic church in Rev. 12. Then there is the woman of Rev. 17, who represents the harlot church and is the unsaved.
This fits perfectly with the image of Christ returning to claim his bride. There would then be the harlot who went whoring and was found unacceptable because she's unfaithful. She doesn't get called to the wedding.
There are many ways to describe the harlot church. They are the bridesmaids who failed to fill their lamps and were left banging on the door pleading to be let in. They are the ones who did what they wanted until it was too late and Christ shows like a thief in the night.
The 144k, I believe, will be those righteous who are alive when Christ comes, the ones who rise with the resurrected in the air to meet Christ.
One reason, I don't think that they are literal Israelites is because the 12 tribes listed in OT, don't match those listed in Rev. Revelation uses old testament imagery, it speaks of Egypt, Israel, Euphrates, etc...
I think they are the same type of imagery we see in other places, like....
Luke 17:26 And as it was in the days of Noe, so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man. 27 They did eat, they drank, they married wives, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, and the flood came, and destroyed them all. 28 Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; 29 But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all. 30 Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed.
It compares these OT images with the future global event. Like Moses delivering God's people out of Egypt, we know it is a shadow. It foreshadows the true global deliverance, not localized to Egypt.
Also like Armageddon, spoken of in Rev. puts the image of the battle of Gideon which was another shadow/symbol of the true battle. But the true battle will not be in one valley, it'll be global. Every eye shall see him and his army of angels.
Just my thoughts.