Concerning your last question, provide the verses you have in mind.
Now the LORD had said to Abram:
“Get out of your country,
From your family
And from your father’s house,
To a land that I will show you.
I will make you a great nation;
I will bless you
And make your name great;
And you shall be a blessing.
I will bless those who bless you,
And I will curse him who curses you;
And in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed.”
So Abram departed as the LORD had spoken to him...
Genesis 12:1-4
This is when Abraham was first justified, when he obeyed the Gospel.
And the Scripture, foreseeing that God would
justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel to Abraham beforehand, saying, “
In you all the nations shall be blessed.” Genesis 3:8
again
Was not Abraham our father
justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? Do you see that faith was working together with his works, and by works faith was made perfect?
James 2:21-22
This is when Abraham was justified again, (the third time) and when he fulfilled the outstanding “debt of righteousness“ that was accredited to him when he simply believed.
These verses teach us the principle of faith.
JLB