If we read it with an open mind rather than prejudiced by mans ideas we can see what it tells us. We can begin with
Gen 2:7
"And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul."
When God united His breath, or spirit with man, man became a living soul. A living soul is composed of body and spirit.
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AV-breath 17, blast 3, spirit 2, inspiration 1, souls 1; 24
1) breath, spirit
1a) breath (of God)
1b) breath (of man)
1c) every breathing thing
1d) spirit (of man)
How was man formed? (Body + breath = living soul)
When one dies, their spirit goes back to God who gave it, at which point, one is no longer a living soul. This is why humanity is not immortal, and must receive the same from God as a gift of salvation.
What is the breath? Breath is equated with the spirit of God.
Job 27:3 All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils.
At death the body returns to dust while the spirit is said to return to God who gave it. (Silver cord = spine, golden bowl = skull, pitcher = heart, wheel = lungs)
Ecclesiastes 12:6 Or ever the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the cistern.
7 Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was: and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it.
When we are born our breath, as drawn from the surrounding atmosphere, may be said to come from or be given by God and with the same propriety may it be said, when it leaves the body at death to return unto Him. At death the breath or spirit of man is said to be gathered unto God.
Job 34:14 If he set his heart upon man, if he [God] gather unto himself his spirit and his breath;
15 All flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust.
Christ understood that his spirit would return to God at death.
Luke 23:46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
Once a mans spirit or breath is gone his thoughts perish.
Psalm 146:3-4 Put not your trust in princes, nor in the son of man, in whom there is no help.
4 His breath goeth forth, he returneth to his earth; in that very day his thoughts perish.
The dead know nothing they are unconscious. All their thoughts and feelings are gone.
Ecclesiastes 9:5 For the living know that they shall die: but the dead know not any thing, neither have they any more a reward; for the memory of them is forgotten.
6 Also their love, and their hatred, and their envy, is now perished; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun.
So their feelings perish also, the dead are silent, they do not praise God.
The dead praise not the Lord, neither any that go down into silence.
Psalms 115: 17
This state of unconsciousness is equated with sleep. Job says,
So man lieth down, and riseth not: till the heavens be no more; they shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep.
Job 14:12
Mans life only remains while he has breath.
Isaiah 2:22 Cease ye from man, whose breath is in his nostrils: for wherein is he to be accounted of?
Man has no pre-eminence over animals. We all die the same. It cannot be proved whether the spirit goes up or downward. The pagan belief was that the spirit of man goes up and the spirit of animals goes down but Solomon says we have the same spirit as the animals and it can’t be proved where the spirit goes at death.
Ecclesiastes 3:19 For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth, so dieth the other; yea, they have all one breath; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast: for all is vanity.
20 All go unto one place; all are of the dust, and all turn to dust again.
21 Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth?
The breath of life is the spirit which God has given both man and beast. It is common to all living things and is not a distinguishing characteristic of man. It lets us live and once it stops, we die, and we go to the grave and await the resurrection at the end.