In reference to Ephesians 2 and the phrase "by nature":
Drew said:
When we read this as 21st century westerners, we think that when the phrase “by nature†is used, a statement is being made about our fundamental constitution. On such a reading, and noting the content of verse 1, it might indeed appear that Paul is saying that it is impossible for us to respond freely to God’s grace. After all, it is in the very nature of our mind to reject anything from God.
But there is precedent for Paul using the term "by nature" to really say "by birth".
Here is an example, Galations 2:15:
We are Jews by nature and not sinners from among the Gentiles
Clearly, Paul means "by birth" here. He is not asserting that Jews are born with fundamentally different inner constitutions than Gentiles.
mondar said:
Actually, this the word "by nature" is still used. There is a word for "by birth" in greek, and that word is not used here either. Paul was saying to Peter that the Jew is more moral by long practice of morality... so much so that it was nature to the Jew not to be degraded by gentile practices. That is kind of insulting to we Gentiles ehh?
I very much doubt it. Paul here in Galatians 2 is, I suggest, using the phrase “by nature†to denote “by birthâ€Â. You generally become a Jew by being
born a Jew. It would be quite odd for Paul to be drawing a Jew-Gentile distinction that is not rooted in circumstances of birth. And what's more your assertion that Paul holds the Jew to be more “moral by long practice of morality†is undermined by Paul’s clear assertion from Romans 3 that the Jew and the Gentile are
equally immoral.
What shall we conclude then? Are we any better? Not at all! We have already made the charge that Jews and Gentiles alike are all under sin. 10As it is written:
"There is no one righteous, not even one;
11there is no one who understands,
no one who seeks God.
12All have turned away,
they have together become worthless;
there is no one who does good,
not even one."
Note how all the following translations render the Greek term – the very same one as used in the text at issue in Ephesians 2 – is rendered as “by birthâ€Â:
NET: We are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners,
NIV: "We who are Jews by birth and not ‘Gentile sinners’
NLT: You and I are Jews by birth, not ‘sinners’ like the Gentiles
BBE: We Jews know that we have no advantage of birth over "non-Jewish sinners."
NRSV: We ourselves are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners;
This is not the end of the story, of course. Other translations such as the KJV and NASB use the term “by natureâ€Â.
But there are other cases where the Greek root “fusei†– translated as “by nature†in the Ephesians 2 text - clearly denotes “by circumstances of birth†and is not being used to make any kind of commitment about what is true about the person’s “natureâ€Â. Consider this from Romans 2:
and the uncircumcision, by nature, fulfilling the law, shall judge thee who, through letter and circumcision, [art] a transgressor of law.
The
same Greek root “fusei†is rendered here as “by nature†as is rendered as “by nature†in the Ephesians 2 text.
Clearly the term “fusei†should be understood as having a “by birth†meaning here in Romans 2:27 – being uncircumcised is a
circumstance of bith for the Gentile.
It is therefore clear that one cannot simply
assume that “by natureâ€Â, as used in Ephesians 2:3, is making any kind of statement about
the inner nature of the human person. That could be the case, of course, but it is also possible that it is not.