Thank you Drew.
Now I am not a theologian, and never hope to be one. But as to the word 'divine', what do you mean exactly (as far as words can go)?
I'm thinking of "God only hath immortality."
Therefore, every other being possessing immortality derives it from God the Father.
So, did Jesus derive immortality from the Father?
I do not believe so, no. As I have argued in detail in respect to the 1 Corinthians 8 text (I forget if that argument was from this thread or not), Paul takes the phrase "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one", and
opens it up placing "the Father in the God role and the Son in the Lord role. Paul is saying that Jesus is in the same "category" as the Father.
Let's go through the reasoning in detail:
1. Paul is quoting from the
Shema - the essential Jewish declaration about God:
Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one. Note the following important details: The terms "Lord" and "God" are both predicated of a single being - there is no sense, here at least, of any "plurality". In other words, the Jew would hear this statement and have no reason to believe anything other than that the term "Lord" and the term "God" have a single common referent. You may think I am arguing against the "Jesus is God" position, but you need to hang on for a bit;
2. Now we have Paul,
reformulating the schema as follows:
yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom are all things and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ,.... As the cross-references will indicate in many Bibles, this is not an arbitrary statement - it is almost certainly a re-formulation of the shema. The reasons for this have to do with the fact that the "oneness" that is predicated of God in the shema was specifically a polemical reaction against the gods of the pagans. With all due respect, this is where many of the arguments against Jesus being God make a big mistake - they erroneously presume that the "oneness" of the Old Testament God is a definitive denial of inner plurarlity. But this is simply not what history, not to mention the rest of the Bible tells us. The Jew saying "our God is one" was always, in the Old Testament, a way of saying that the gods of the pagans are worthless idols - it was not a denial of plurality within a putative Godhead, even though it might seem that way on a casual reading.
So when Paul sets his statement (above) in the context of a rejection of other pagan gods - which he clearly does (read the full 1 Corinthians 8 passage) - this is powerful evidence that he is indeed re-expressing the schema with its "one-ness" statement.
3. This leads to a remarkable conclusion. Since we know Paul sees Jesus as fitting into the Israel story, his statement in 1 Corinthians 8 functions to say basically this: this God that is "one" in the sense of being a true god against hte false pagan gods, is actually, on closer analysis,
constituted by two persons. More specifically,
the "God" descriptor of the shema maps to the Father and the Lord descriptor of the shema maps to the Son. This is absolutely vital. I suspect that some will say I am taking the "structural connections" too far. Well, I doubt it, there are plenty of other examples in Paul where it is clear that he "re-defines" Old Testament concepts to let their real meaning shine through. His re-working of the term "Israel" to refer to the Jew + Gentile church is one example.
4. The argument is done, but I want to make an observation about "method": The careful reader will note that, yes, I am indeed saying that Paul is adding nuance and clarity to Old Testament concepts that were, at the time of their articulation, somewhat "under-specified" or "fuzzy". Indeed I
am saying this. I know that some will be uncomfortable with this and will object that this places the inspiration of scripture at risk - after all, if Paul is allowed to
re-define Old Testament notions like "God" and "Israel", how is that Old Testament to be seen as "inerrant scripture". Well, I do not have room to get into that now. For the present, I will suggest that there is plenty of evidence of "ambiguity" and "incompleteness" in the Old Testament. After all, and I know a lot of reader will implicitly think otherwise, the Bible is not primarily a set of propositional truths, it is an
evolving narrative. And by their nature, some things in a narrative are never fully understood till the end. I suggest that this is precisely what is going on with the Biblical treatment of the composition of "God".
On a related note, I will re-iterate: arguments against Jesus being God that appeal to "concepts", such as "how can Jesus be God if he
defers to God the Father" miss the point. What matters is the
narrative, not the concepts. And as per another argument I have made, the narrative of Jesus' journey to Jerusalem, as described in the book of Luke, sets Jesus rather clearly in the role of God returning to His people - a theme woven through the Old Testament. This, and not tinkering with the boundaries of concepts, is what matters in establishing, Biblically, that Jesus is God.