It seems to me that the part of Damiel's prophesy which referred to the toes was the Roman empire.
Dan 2:41-44 Whereas you saw the feet and toes, partly of potter’s clay and partly of iron, the kingdom shall be divided; yet the strength of the iron shall be in it, just as you saw the iron mixed with ceramic clay. And as the toes of the feet were partly of iron and partly of clay, so the kingdom shall be partly strong and partly fragile. As you saw iron mixed with ceramic clay, they will mingle with the seed of men; but they will not adhere to one another, just as iron does not mix with clay.
And in the days of these kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed; and the kingdom shall not be left to other people; it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand forever.
There is no mention of "ten" toes so the number 10 cannot be assumed to be symbolic.
The Roman Empire was originally run completely by Romans but as its territory expanded, more and more barbarians from Gaul and Africa and Eastern Europe became Roman citizens, served in the army, were senators, and even became emperors. (They even had an Arab Emperor!) That seems to me to be the mixing of iron and clay.
And in the time of the undivided Roman Empire, Jesus came and established the Kingdom of God on earth in the Church. When the Kingdom of God comes in its fullness, (the New Jerusalem coming down to earth) it will become the only kingdom on earth.
Mat 16:28 “Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”
Mat 28:18 And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, “All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth.
That's just one view. It does not exclude others.