The third view most Christians do not even consider is the City King-Magistrate Theory...so here is a synopsis for our mutual edification...this makers the sons of God (or sons of the gods) not born again believers but kings who are seen or viewed or called God or the god's sons or even god-manifest...
The idea that kings or tribal leaders were somehow believed to be divine or the offspring of or manifestations of the local god was not uncommon in ancient times. Meredith Kline in her article from
The Westminster Theological Journal, May 1962, uses the Sumer-Babylonian epic tradition which either deals with these city-kings as either having been placed into these positions by the favor of their gods or else being offspring/manifestations of these gods. In her perspective, it makes perfect historical sense that these “sons of God” in Genesis six could have “
established their own authority as supreme head of a fabricated religio-politico system; then they held their subjects in gross spiritual darkness and abject physical slavery.” Apparently there is a long history of this and similar anthropological developments though out history. Hittite kings were apparently deified after their deaths, while in Egypt the Pharaohs were believed to be divine from birth. The
Krt text from Ras Sharma (Krt being the name of a god) tells us of his son, the king, who is called Krt bn il which can be interpreted to mean the “
son of El”.
We see this concept everywhere we look from the early Celts and druids all the way to the Japanese “Kami” or preist-king. In Minoa, as well as in Inca and Aztec cultures, the kings or chiefs were considered the incarnation of the Sun god, or at least his direct descendants. In the Norse countries their kings were always the sons of Odin, or some other god. Many like in the Japanese legend were considered priest-kings and performed both functions. While the Roman Emperors were gods themselves, the Byzantine emperors considered themselves to be God’s representative on earth. Perhaps this is what led to the control exercised by Popes in the middle ages who also billed themselves as the representative of God on earth (see also Ivan Engnell,
Studies in Divine Kingship in the Ancient Near East, Oxford, 1967). Undoubtedly these notions are so anthropologically universal that they must have had a root somewhere in the historical past. Only though these examples are often used in this context to support the magistrate or city king notion, all these tales point to some sort of intimate union or interaction between their gods and these human beings producing what we might call god-men.
In the Bible we also see usage of the term “elohim”, or gods, as it is applied to men (Psalm 82:6; John 10:34,35). This word, though used for the Creator in Genesis, is not actually a name, nor is it a word that only describes the one and only God (YHVH). In ancient Semetic languages, even Canaanite dialects, the elohim is somewhat of a generic title. In the Babylonian as well as the Canaanite pantheons there are many El’s. Abraham called the Lord our God, El-Shaddai, or God Almighty, in order to indicate that He was the only real, as in most powerful, God. He referred to Him later as El-Elyon to refer to His being the Most High God, again taken to be a reference to a one true God, the Creator of the Universe and all that contains. Just some thoughts...
brother Paul