If we're doing a chapter a day (which I think is a bit fast), then we're up to chapter 4. Here's what I wrote about that in my study. Since it was part of a series, it sometimes refers to what has come before, but I think it should be easy to follow. I hope it doesn't start to much of a controversy.
Deuteronomy 4
As I mentioned earlier, Deuteronomy is organised like a suzerainty covenant. Now the historical section is finished and the main body, detailing the stipulations of the covenant begins. It starts out with some general guidelines and gets more detailed later. But before that, we are told why we are to obey God's commandments. It is not, as many Christians seem to believe, to be saved. There is no mention of salvation or life after death in the entire Torah. I don't know how the idea started that, before Christ, people were saved by keeping the Law, but it isn't in the Law itself. That's not what it's about. There are a number of places where we are told why we should obey God's law. We have already seen some and will see more, but here are the ones from this weeks reading:
God's commandments are wise
Keep them and do them, for that will be your wisdom and your understanding in the sight of the peoples, who, when they hear all these statutes, will say, ‘Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’ (Deu. 4:6)
These are not just some arbitrary rules. They actually make sense. We are not always given a reason and we may not always understand, but God's laws always have a good reason behind them. Sometimes it has taken the rest of the world hundreds or even thousands of years to figure out what the Bible has been saying all along. Leviticus says that people are to be considered unclean and must bathe in water after touching a dead body. It wasn't until the mid 19th century that scientists figured out that it was a bad idea for doctors to go straight from an autopsy to the delivery room without washing their hands in between.
To be a witness to the world
Keep them and do them, for that will be your wisdom and your understandingin the sight of the peoples, who, when they hear all these statutes, will say, ‘Surely this great nation is a wise and understanding people.’ (Deu. 4:6)
People have a tendency to want to conform to society. They don't want to stand out from the crowd. But that's exactly what we are called to do. We're supposed to be different. When others see us and how we live, they should think “there's something different about these Christians”. Unfortunately, the church has tended to be more influenced by society than society is influenced by the church. The first Christians were different. They weren't like the Jews who followed man-made rules rather than God's law, and they weren't like the pagans who had their own rules and worshipped idols. People noticed and there was a great revival, the likes of which hasn't been seen since. Today it's hard to see any difference between Christians and non-Christians, other than how they spend their Sundays, and people can't figure out why there's no revival.
To demonstrate our relationship with God
For what great nation is there that has a god so near to it as the Lord our God is to us, whenever we call upon him? (Deu. 4:7)
When people see that we are different, they will want to know why. When they ask, we have an opportunity to witness to them about our relationship with God and tell them that they too can have such a relationship.
God's commandments are righteous
And what great nation is there, that has statutes and rules so righteous as all this law that I set before you today? (Deu. 4:8)
There are many different cultural areas in the world where different religions have been the primary influence over the centuries. Islam is the primary religion that has influenced the Arab nations, Buddhism in China, Hinduism in India and so on. Although no nation is completely innocent, the ones with the best human rights records and where there is most freedom are the ones where the Bible has been the biggest influence on society.
Verse 6 tells us to “keep them and do them” (i.e. the commandments). This is a phrase Moses uses quite often. In Deuteronomy alone the phrase is used 23 times. What does this phrase mean and what is the difference between keeping the commandments and doing them? Is it maybe just a repetition with different wording for emphasis? Actually, there is a difference that is clearer in the original Hebrew than in English. The word translated as “do” simply means... well... “do”. It means to perform the actions required by the commandments. The word translated as “keep” or “guard” (depending on your translation) is a bit more involved. The word is “shamar” and can mean to keep guard, watch, to take heed, beware or pay heed, among other things. In this context it means that we should be prepared to do the commandments. Some of God's laws require preparation and one good example is the Sabbath. One of the commandments regarding the Sabbath is that cooking is forbidden. Following this commandment requires one to make sure that there is food in house that can either be eaten without cooking or which is cooked before the Sabbath. Being prepared means that the Torah becomes a lifestyle, not just a list of commandments to follow.
Many Christians today say that parts of the Law are no longer valid. We are no longer required to eat only kosher food or to keep the Sabbath for example. But what does God say?
You shall not add to the word that I command you, nor take from it, that you may keep the commandments of the Lord your God that I command you. (Deu. 4:2)
We are neither to add to nor take away from the Law. That means that we cannot declare parts of the Law invalid. It also means that we can't make new rules and give them the same validity as the commandments of God. The Pharisees did both and Jesus rebuked them for it.
For laying aside the commandment of God, ye hold to the tradition of men, as the washing of pots and cups, and many other like things ye do.”
And He said unto them, “Full well ye reject the commandment of God, that ye may keep your own tradition. For Moses said, ‘Honor thy father and thy mother,’ and, ‘Whoso curseth father or mother, let him die the death.’But ye say that if a man shall say to his father or mother, ‘It is Corban’ (that is to say, a gift of whatsoever thou mightest have profited from me), he shall be freed; and ye suffer him no more to do aught for his father or his mother, thus making the Word of God of no effect through your tradition, which ye have delivered. And many like things do ye.” (Mark 7:8-13)
Unfortunately, the modern church has done the same. We are told that we no longer have to keep the Sabbath or the dietary rules, which God told us to do, but the church also places on people obligations that are not required by the Bible. The most common example of this is tithing. As we have seen, tithes were only agricultural products – either livestock or harvest – and were therefore only required from farmers. But even though only a fraction of people today are farmers, many churches require all their members to pay at least 10% of their wages as a tithe, which has no support in the Bible.
The main concern of this chapter is the prohibition against idolatry. Moses emphasizes that the people saw no physical form at Sinai, but only heard a voice. Moses saw God's back (Ex. 33:22-23), but he left us no description.
It's hard to control what you can't see or feel. Idolatry – giving God a physical form that we can see and handle – is an attempt to control Him. You can take an idol out when you need it and put it away when you don't want it around. God isn't like that. He is the one in control and we must never forget that. This is a good thing that we should not try to change. Even though bad things often happen, we can know that He is in control and He will make sure that everything happens within His will.
The TOG