1 John 2:2
propitiation. Cf.
1Jn_4:10. The word means "appeasement" or "satisfaction." The sacrifice of Jesus on the cross satisfied the demands of God's holiness for the punishment of sin (cf.
Rom_1:18;
2Co_5:21;
Eph_2:3). So Jesus propitiated or satisfied God. See notes on
Heb_2:17;
Heb_9:15 for a clear illustration of propitiation.
for the whole world. This is a generic term, referring not to every single individual, but to mankind in general. Christ actually paid the penalty only for those who would repent and believe. A number of Scriptures indicate that Christ died for the world (
Joh_1:29;
Joh_3:16;
Joh_6:51;
1Ti_2:6;
Heb_2:9). Since much of the world will be eternally condemned to hell to pay for their own sins, they could not have been paid for by Christ (cf.
Mat_7:13-14).
The passages which speak of Christ's dying for the whole world must be understood to refer to mankind in general (as in
Tit_2:11). World indicates the sphere, the beings toward whom God seeks reconciliation and has provided propitiation. God has mitigated His wrath on sinners temporarily, by letting them live and enjoy earthly life (see note on
1Ti_4:10). In that sense, Christ has provided a brief, temporal propitiation for the whole world. But He actually satisfied fully the wrath of God eternally only for the elect who believe. Christ's death in itself had unlimited and infinite value because He is Holy God. Thus, His sacrifice was sufficient to pay the penalty for all the sins of all whom God brings to faith. But the actual satisfaction and atonement was made only for those who believe (cf.
Joh_10:11,
Joh_10:15;
Joh_17:9,
Joh_17:20;
Act_20:28;
Rom_8:32,
Rom_8:37;
Eph_5:25). The pardon for sin is offered to the whole world, but received only by those who believe (cf.
1Jn_4:9,
1Jn_4:14;
Joh_5:24). There is no other way to be reconciled to God.