This is a very common criticism of the Biblical description of Hell. We discussed it a bit in another thread just recently. My personal answer was "I don't know". I don't know how the flames in Hell could be dark, so I simply accept the notion that they are. They're are in fact examples of dark fires in nature already. But my real answer is that how God wants Hell to operate. The technical reason just doesn't matter.
Kevin,
Could it be that the following information provides a better interpretation?
I consider that hell/Hades/Gehenna are real and this will be a conscious, frightful place. But I can’t conclude about its exact nature for these reasons:
I accept that the biblical writers used metaphorical and not literal language. My main reasons for such a view are:
Hell/Hades could not be represented as literal fire because it is also described as a place of darkness (see
Matt 8:12;
22:13;
25:30;
2 Peter 2:17;
Jude 1:13). Fire and darkness are mutually exclusive terms so hell’s description cannot be literal.
Let’s use Jude as an example. He described the after-life as ‘eternal fire’ (
Jude 1:7) but that is contrasted with ‘utter darkness’ (
Jude 1:13). For the angels, Jude writes of ‘gloomy darkness’ (
Jude 1:6). Again, literal fire and literal darkness would be contradictory – from my human perspective.
This issue is made knotty by the ‘lake of fire’ (
Rev 19:20;
20:10,
14,
15;
21:8. This hardly conforms with the ‘blackest darkness’.
John the Baptist and Jesus also describe hell as ‘fire’ (
Matt 3:10;
25:41) but also as ‘darkness’ (
Matt 8:12;
22:13;
25:30).
Also
Matt 25:41 describes hell as a place for the devil and his angels. They are spirit beings. How is it possible for fire to work on non-physical beings?
Therefore, I accept a metaphorical understanding of hell/Hades/Gehenna. It does involve conscious suffering/torment (cf
Luke 16:23-24) , but its nature is unknown to me because of the language used. Evidence from outside the NT also supports this perspective.
See fire and darkness appearing together in Jewish writings such as Qumran (1QS 2:8; 4:13),
1 Enoch 103:7;
2 Enoch 10:2-3; Jerusalem Talmud, Shekalim 6:1, 49d. These writings also speak of the bodies of the wicked that are rotting with worms and maggots (
Judith 16:17;
Sirach (Ben Sira) 7:17, cf
Isa 66:24). It was ‘hot as fire and cold as ice’ replacing eternal torment in
2 Enoch 14:20(12).
This is taken from my article,
Is there literal fire in hell?
Oz