I agree that there is a connection between how we live and eternal salvation.
I disagree every time you assert that how we live is the cause or basis for eternal salvation.
If you understood Romans 2:6-7 you would see that Paul knows that our behavior is indicative of our promised eternal status rather than one's earthly racial status as Jew or Gentile.
Sinthesis, I agree with what you are saying, but I disagree that Romans 2 is about the results of salvation. As a matter of fact, I see much agreement in what we think. I agree that human works are not a part of justification. I agree that salvation has its results of personal righteousness. In fact I would probably agree with all the conclusions you are drawing, but would use different texts to defend what you are saying. You are suggesting Romans 2 is about the effects of salvation upon our personal righteousness. I would suggest that that is not in view at all. I would suggest that Romans 2:1-11 is a simple statement that God's judgment is impartial. There is nothing more in view. I hope to provide an context for Romans 2:6-7 here and you can respond if you wish.
THE CONTEXT:
The context has a contrast between the partiality of the judgment of the hypothetical Jew in Romans 2 and the impartiality of God's judgment.
It begins with the partiality of the Jewish judgment in verse 1....
1 Wherefore thou art without excuse, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judges another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest dost practise the same things.
Notice how Paul begins with a complaint that the Jews assume that Gods judgment is partial to the Jew. You can see that more clearly in verse 3... "
3 And reckonest thou this, O man, who judgest them that practise such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? " Verse 3 and verse 1 go very much together. The tell us that the Jew assumes wrongly that God's judgement is partial to the Jew, and that the can therefore judge the Gentiles and yet practice the same evil themselves. The context is going to make more statements on the impartial judgment of God (in contract to the assumed partiality of God for the Jew).
Verse 2 is also a part of verses 1 and 3 by way of contrast. The partiality of the Jewish people is contrasted with God's impartial judgment. God does not show favor to the Jew because he is a Jew, but he judges all impartially.
2 And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against them that practise such things.
The Jew and Gentile both practice the same things, and so Gods judgment is against all.
Now lets jump ahead to where Paul places bookends to the context. Paul is going to return to this theme of partiality in Romans 2:11 when he says:
11 for there is no respect of persons with God.
As a matter of fact, verses 1-3 and verse 11 are the book ends of the context to explain the verses in the middle.
This should give us a hint on how to read verse 6.
6 who will render to every man according to his works:
You are correct in thinking that verse 6 is not about the requirements for justification. However, neither should Verse 6 should not be seen as the results of salvation. The context is not about either topic, but it is about the impartiality of God. Read verse 6 in light of verses 1-3 and verse 11. It is saying the same thing. Obviously it is in the context of verses 1-3 and verse 11. All are statements that God does not judge the Jew with partiality (or the Greek/Gentile-- vs 10-11). God is then impartial because he rewards righteous works, and punishes sin. Certainly I would agree that God rewards righteousness and punishes sin, and a part of the reward is salvation, but the context is not saying it is the means of salvation or as you suggest, the results of salvation. In fact the word justification (major theme in Romans) does not occur in Romans 2. It is simply a statement that God is impartial and gives rewards to the righteous, and judgment to the reprobate..... nothing more.
Verse 7 and verse 10 are then simply statements on the righteousness end of that equation. ---- This part is important. I agree with you that it is not about justification by works. However, is it actually about the results of salvation?
------ Verses 7 and 10 are just illustrations of why Paul says God's judgment is impartial.
----- His judgment is impartial because he rewards righteousness.
----- Verse 7 is a statement about Gods impartiality and how he rewards righteousness. A part of the context to prove the impartiality of God would be that God would reward righteousness, Paul is saying nothing more. I agree with you that he is certainly not talking about a means of justification. The word justification is not in the context. But neither is he talking about the results of an accomplished salvation (although I agree with what you are saying, just not in this context).
On the other hand, verses 5, 8, and 9 are statement of judgment on the reprobate end of the equation of Pauls statement on partiality. What Paul is then saying, is this is what "impartiality" looks like.
Clearly Romans is saying that it is the blood and life of Jesus Christ that justifies...
9 Much more then, being now justified by his blood, shall we be saved from the wrath of God through him.
10 For if, while we were enemies, we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, shall we be saved by his life;
Works justification only leads to greater debt...
4 Now to him that worketh, the reward is not reckoned as of grace, but as of debt.
Only faith in Christ leads to justification. That is because Christs shed blood and his righteousness is counted as ours.
5 But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteousness.
Sinthesis, I know this is short. I hope you can figure out what I am saying. The beginning of Chapter 2 is a simple statement on God's impartiality, nothing more. I hope we can agree.