for_his_glory
The phrase in Galatians 2:16 (KJV)-"the faith of Jesus Christ"-has been a point of considerable debate among scholars due to differences in translation and interpretation.
Greek Text:
The phrase in question appears twice in the verse:
ἐκ πίστεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (
ek pisteōs Iēsou Christou)
Grammatical Analysis:
ἐκ (ek): Preposition meaning "from" or "by."
πίστεως (pisteōs): Genitive singular of πίστις (pistis), meaning "faith" or "faithfulness."
Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (Iēsou Christou): Genitive singular of Ἰησοῦς Χριστός (Jesus Christ).
Possible Interpretations:
Subjective Genitive ("faithfulness of Jesus Christ")
This reading suggests that the phrase indicates the faithfulness demonstrated by Jesus Himself.
This interpretation emphasizes Christ’s own faithful obedience to God as the basis for justification.
Example:
NET Bible often favors this reading: "but by the faithfulness of Jesus Christ..."
Objective Genitive ("faith in Jesus Christ")
This interpretation suggests the believer’s faith placed in Jesus Christ.
The focus is on the human act of believing in Christ rather than Christ’s own faithfulness.
Example: NASB translates:
"but through faith in Jesus Christ..."
Contextual Consideration:
Paul’s argument in Galatians emphasizes justification by faith apart from the works of the law. The repeated use of
"we have believed in Christ Jesus" (πιστεύσαμεν εἰς Χριστόν Ἰησοῦν - pisteusamen eis Christon Iēsoun)
in the same verse suggests that Paul may be emphasizing the believer’s faith in Christ rather than Christ’s own faithfulness.
Theological Implications--
If it is "faith of Christ" (subjective genitive), the focus is on Christ’s obedience as the foundation for justification.
If it is "faith in Christ" (objective genitive), it stresses the individual's faith as the means of receiving justification.
Modern translations like the NASB, ESV, and NIV lean towards
"faith in Christ" due to the broader context of Paul’s teaching on personal faith.
While the KJV uses the phrase "faith of Jesus Christ," suggesting a subjective genitive, most modern translations opt for "faith in Jesus Christ," indicating an objective genitive. The Greek grammar can support either interpretation, but the
context of Galatians 2:16 and Paul’s emphasis on justification by personal faith leans toward the latter.
[Utley recognize this "problem"]
Justification by grace through faith—presented in Gal_2:16-17 as our position in Christ—is based entirely on God's initiating love, Christ's finished work, and the wooing of the Spirit. However, the emphasis on our Christlike living is fully stated in Gal_2:21 where our position must result in living a Christlike life (i.e., Special Topic: Sanctification at 1Th_4:3, cf. Rom_8:29; Gal_4:19; Eph_1:4; Eph_2:10; 1Jn_1:7). Paul did not deny that good works were significant. He just denied that they were the grounds of our acceptance. Eph_2:8-10 shows Paul's gospel clearly—God's initiating grace, through mankind's faith response, unto good works. Even Gal_2:20, which seems to emphasize our sanctification—but in the context of the paragraph, proves the validity and pervasiveness of the doctrine of the imputed righteousness of Jesus, totally apart from human merit or lifestyle or ethnic origin.
Paul emphasizes the requirement of justification is not
1. "by works of the Law," Gal_2:16 a
2. "and not by the works of the Law," Gal_2:16 b
3. since by the works of the Law no flesh will be justified," Gal_2:16 c
Then Paul gives the only way for sinful mankind to be justified.
1. "through faith in Christ Jesus" (lit. "through [dia] faith of Christ Jesus"), Gal_2:16 a
2. "we have believed in Christ Jesus' (lit. "in [eis] Christ Jesus we believed" [aorist active indicative]), Gal_2:16 b
3. "by faith in Christ" (lit. "by [ek] faith of Christ"), Gal_2:16 c
This threefold repetition is for clarity and emphasis!
The only problem comes in how to understand and translate the genitives "of Christ Jesus," Gal_2:16 a and "of Christ," Gal_2:16
c. Most translations take the phrase as an objective genitive, "faith in Christ," but it can be a subjective genitive (cf. NET Bible), reflecting an OT idiom of "Christ's faithfulness" to the Father's will.
This same grammatical question affects the understanding of Rom_3:22; Rom_3:26; Gal_2:20; Gal_3:22; Eph_3:12; Php_3:9.
Whichever was Paul's intent, they both show that justification is not found in human actions, merit, or obedience, but in Jesus Christ's actions and obedience. Jesus is our only hope!
Let me know if this was helpful since my posts are being deleted.
J.