"Sub-covenant?" Never heard that one before. What was to "change" is actually properly rendered as transposition, or a transfer of the priesthood. Check it up in the concordance G#3331, or "transferral to heaven"
And Paul is talking that previous covenants do not annul earlier ones if you would have gone further in GAlatians 3:17 "What I am saying is this: the Law, which came four hundred and thirty years later, does not invalidate a covenant previously ratified by God, so as to nullify the promise."
Why in Galatians 3:21 "Is the Law then contrary to the promises of God? May it never be! For if a law had been given which was able to impart life, then righteousness would indeed have been based on law." would Paul then exclaim "may it never be!" Why didn't he just say, "Meh, don't matter anymore about the Law so don't worry about it. It's gone, annulled, vanished, etc?" Paul always upheld the Law as a means of how a believer was to conduct and live out their life in trusting faithfulness to Jesus.
Hebrews 8:13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away.
This verse comes at the conclusion of *two whole chapters* devoted to showing the superiority of Jesus's "Melchizedek' priesthood to that of our earthly Levitical priesthood. So what is 'ready to vanish' must be taken in the context of what has just been discussed! It is the earthly temple and the earthly priesthood ready to vanish, to be rendered inoperational (as did occur a few years later in 70 CE). What is about to vanish away here is NOT Torah; it can only mean the just-discussed the temple & associated priesthood. Why? "And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail. Luke 16:17 Have heaven and earth ended? The law will not fail! The only thing about to vanish away here is the earthly temple and priesthood.
Now notice that the *need* for a priesthood doesn't change, merely the means of provision for the priesthood. Torah is upheld, the provision for the priesthood is upheld. But instead of earthly priests we will now have a perfect high priest instead. Likewise with sacrifices -- the *need* for a sacrifice doesn't fade away (if it did, Yeshua would have died in vain since the Torah covenant requiring sacrifice would be made void!) Torah remains valid, what changed was only the means of how the sacrifice was provided. Torah is upheld -- G-d makes provision for both a priest *and* a sacrifice even though the temple cult is about to disappear.
God's appointed times (like the Yom Kippur atonement mentioned here in Hebrews), God's convocations (from the Hebrew word "mikraw" - Strong's #4744) *means* rehearsal! These appointed times were literal earthly rites in and of themselves, but they were also shadows (rehearsals) of larger heavenly events to come! In other words, Torah itself (in its wording) was alluding to the fact that each festival of God had a bigger fulfillment coming. Jesus perfectly demonstrates this with His unique priesthood and Yom Kippur atonement. So what is 'about to vanish away' in Hebrew 8:13 is that the earthly rehearsal is becoming the heavenly event it originally foreshadowed. Torah itself is being brought to perfection/completeness with this changeover.Hebrews 12:24 And to Yeshua the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better things than that of Abel. Note the present tense -- He *is* the mediator of the new covenant. He has NOT established the new covenant yet -- but He is at the right hand of the Father, in the heavenly holy of holies, sprinkling His own blood, acting as our high priest and mediating between us and God. He will not return and establish this new covenant *until both parties (Israel & Judah)* are willing to enter into this covenant with Him. At the last Passover Seder, Jesus mentioned the cup of the covenant; yet He was clear to tie it's completion in with the messianic kingdom. He said "But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom." Matthew 26:29 Jesus is currently mediating the New Covenant, but it isn't in effect until He returns, sets up His kingdom, and drinks that last seder cup!
The Law was "added" to, without changing, the Abrahamic Covenant."Sub-covenant?" Never heard that one before.
If the Law was added to the Abrahamic Covenant then it is a "part" of it.
If a "breath analyzer" is added to a 1967 Mustang by a Judge because the person who was operating the 1967 Mustang has multiple convictions for for DWI, the "breath analyzer" does not change the fact that the car is a 1967 Mustang.
The "breath analyzer" was added until the person had a nature that didn't want to drink and therefore would operate the car as intended, therefore making the "breath analyzer" obsolete. What is obsolete is removed because it is not needed anymore nor was it ever intended to be a permanent part of the 1967 Mustang.
The 1967 Mustang is operated as it was intended with all the applicable rules and laws.
Not the rules and the Laws of the "breath analyzer", but the rules and Laws of the place where the car is operated, which is called the Kingdom of God.
JLB