jaybo
I've been thinking about this and a couple of scriptures came to mind that at first might not seem relevant. But bear with me.
Firstly the incident in John 2 at Cana in Galilee.
At the marriage feast they run out of wine.
Jesus changes 6 jars of water, each containing 20-30 gallons, into wine - the best wine.
This wine wasn't taken from the existing stock of wine in the world. Jesus didn't ship in wine from somewhere else.
It was in addition to the wine in the world.
And it wasn't water that was symbolically wine.
I believe that the God who changed water into wine can also change wine into his blood. He doesn't need to cut himself to bleed out that blood. He can just change wine into his blood.
Secondly consider the beginning of Luke's gospel.
The angel Gabriel come to Zechariah with a message from God that his wife is to conceive a son. But Zechariah sees a problem. His wife is barren and to old to conceive a child so he doesn't believe the angel and is punished for his disbelief.
The Gabriel appears to Mary with a similar message - she is to bear a son. But again there is a problem - she is a virgin. But this time Mary believes the angel but is puzzled as to how this is going to happen. She asks "How shall this be...?"
I think Mary shows us how we should react when God tells us something that doesn't seem possible. We should believe but then ask "How shall this be?" We may or may not get an answer.
The quotes I gave earlier from the Early Fathers showed that the early church believe Jesus literally but do not seem to have an explanation of how it could be, except it be a miracle.
Here are a couple of later quotes that make that point
Cyril of Jerusalem
"Do not, therefore, regard the bread and wine as simply that; for they are, according to the Master's declaration, the body and blood of Christ. Even though the senses suggest to you the other, let faith make you firm.
"Do not judge in this matter by taste, but be fully assured by the faith, not doubting that you have been deemed worthy of the body and blood of Christ...[Since you are] fully convinced that the apparent bread is not bread, even though it is sensible to the taste, but the body of Christ, and that the apparent wine is not wine, even though the taste would have it so,...partake of that bread as something spiritual, and put a cheerful face on your soul" (
Catechetical Discourses; Mystagogic 4, 22:9 [A.D. 350]).
Theodore of Mopsuestia
"When [Christ] gave the bread he did not say, 'This is the
symbol of my body,' but, 'This
is my body.' In the same way, when he gave the cup of his blood he did not say, '‘This is the
symbol of my blood,' but, 'This
is my blood'; for he wanted us to look upon the [Eucharistic elements] after their reception of grace and the coming of the Holy Spirit not according to their nature, but receive them as they are, the body and blood of our Lord. We ought...not regard [the elements] merely as bread and cup, but as the body and blood of the Lord, into which they were transformed by the descent of the Holy Spirit" (
Catechetical Homilies 5:1 [A.D. 428]).
In time the church in the west came up with and explanation - transubstantiation. I think the (Eastern) Orthodox prefer to leave it as a mystery.