Parables don't have real names? You think simply because the name Lazarus is used that means it's absolutely not a parable? What about the Rich man, is that individuals real name, the Rich man?
The rich man and Lazarus are story characters in one of Jesus’ speeches. (
Luke 16:19-31) In the story, these men represented two groups of people: (1) the proud Jewish religious leaders of Jesus’ day and (Pharisees) (2) the lowly but sincere people who responded to Jesus’ message.(Apostles and disciples of Jesus)
Did this story really happen? No. This is a parable that Jesus related in order to teach a lesson. The fact that this is a parable is acknowledged by scholars. For example, a subheading in the 1912 edition of Luther’s Bible states that this is a parable. And the Catholic Jerusalem Bible, in a footnote, states that this is a “parable in story form without reference to any historical personage.”
Was Jesus teaching lessons about life after death? Did he mean that some people suffer in a hellfire when they die and that Abraham and Lazarus were in heaven?
How could Abraham be alive in heaven, since Jesus clearly stated that up to the time Jesus related the parable, no one had gone to heaven?(
John 3:13)
Although this is not a literal story, some argue that it symbolizes the idea that good people go to heaven and bad people are tormented in hellfire, but is that conclusion reasonable? No.
The teaching of hellfire does not fit in with what the Bible says about the condition of the dead. For example, it does not say that all good people who die experience bliss in heaven or that bad people are tortured in hellfire. Rather, the Bible clearly states: “The living know that they will die, but the dead know nothing at all.”(
Ecclesiastes 9:5)
The story shows that two groups of people were about to experience a great change in circumstances.
The rich man evidently symbolized the Jewish religious leaders, “who were money lovers.” (
Luke 16:14) They listened as Jesus spoke, but they opposed his message. These religious leaders looked down on the common people.(
John 7:49)
Lazarus symbolized the common people who accepted Jesus’ message and who were despised by the Jewish religious leaders.
The change in circumstances was drastic for both groups.
The Jewish religious leaders thought that they enjoyed God’s favor. But they experienced death, as it were, when God rejected them and their form of worship because they did not accept Jesus’ message. And they were tormented by the message that Jesus and his followers preached.(
Matthew 23:29, 30; Acts 5:29-33)
The common people—who had long been neglected by their religious leaders—were now experiencing favor. Many accepted the Scriptural message that Jesus taught and benefited from it. They now had the opportunity to enjoy God’s favor eternally.(
John 17:3)
The setting, in
Luke 16:14, 15, shows that the money-loving Pharisees were listening and sneering. But Jesus told them: “You are those who declare yourselves righteous before men, but God knows your hearts; because what is lofty among men is a disgusting thing in God’s sight.”
The “purple and linen” in which the rich man was decked out were comparable to garb worn only by princes, nobles, and priests. (
Esther 8:15; Genesis 41:42; Exodus 28:4, 5) They were very costly. Hades, where this rich man is said to have gone, is the common grave of dead mankind. That it cannot be concluded from this parable that Hades itself is a place of blazing fire is made clear at
Revelation 20:14, where death and Hades are described as being hurled
into “the lake of fire.” The death of the rich man and his being in Hades must therefore be figurative, figurative death being mentioned elsewhere in the Scriptures. (
Luke 9:60; Colossians 2:13; 1Timothy 5:6) So the fiery torment was experienced while he was figuratively dead but actually alive as a human. Fire is used in God’s Word to describe his fiery judgment messages (
Jeremiah 5:14; 23:29), and the work done by God’s prophets in declaring his judgments is said to ‘torment’ those who oppose God and his servants.(
Revelations 11:7, 10)
Lazarus is a Grecianized form of the Hebrew name Eleazar, which means “God Has Helped.” The dogs that licked his sores were apparently scavengers that roamed the streets and were viewed as unclean. Lazarus’ being in the bosom position of Abraham indicates that he was in a position of favor (compare
John 1:18), this figure of speech being drawn from the practice of reclining at meals in such a way that one could lean back on the bosom of a friend.(
John 13:23-25)