God “will repay each person according to what they have done.â€[a] 7 To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, he will give eternal life.
I agree - in Romans 2, Paul is indeed talking about who the true people of God are. But, he says this within that treatment:
For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God’s sight, but it is those who obey the law who will be declared righteous.
Sinthesis, what is the basis for being declared righteous, according to this specific statement, notwithstanding that we appear to agree on the general theme of the chapter as a whole?
We are perhaps not that far apart - I have repeatedly said that "good works that save" can only arise in the life of the person who has placed faith in Jesus.
But Paul says what he says - this statement, and the ones in 2:6-7 clearly declare that the criteria for awarding eternal life is "good works".
I am still here, and I still disagree with the concept that Romans 2 is a definition of the people of God. The theme is about "the impartiality of God's judgment." Verses 6-7 are only an illustration of God's impartiality. It is Paul emphasizing that if a man is righteous, God is impartially judging him as righteous, and if a man is evil, he is so judged. The Jews, in this context, felt because they were the hearers of the Law (see verse 13) that they had God's favor. So the Jews used the law to judge others (see verse 1) but they did not keep the law themselves (vs 13). That the Law here is the Mosaic Law can easily be seen in the later verses....
21 thou therefore that teachest another, teachest thou not thyself? thou that preachest a man should not steal, dost thou steal?
22 thou that sayest a man should not commit adultery, dost thou commit adultery? thou that abhorrest idols, dost thou rob temples?
23 thou who gloriest in the law, through thy transgression of the law dishonorest thou God?
It is noticeable the references to the 10 commandments here.
But lets look at the context concerning the impartiality of God's judgment.
Romans 2... (ASV)
---------2 And we know that the judgment of God is according to truth against them that practise such things.
---------6 who will render to every man according to his works:
7 to them that by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life:
8 but unto them that are factious, and obey not the truth, but obey unrighteousness, shall be wrath and indignation,
---------11 for there is no respect of persons with God.
Verses 6-7 are Pauls illustration of God's impartial judgment which is mentioned in verse 11. Drew, as you said, the whole context must tie in. Verse 2 and verse 11 are part of the context. The context nowhere mentions the lawkeepers being the people of God. Please show me where Romans 2 says that. Of course no one can do that. A reference to the "this is how you become the people of God" is assumed by some and is not a part of the context. Romans 2 is not to be seen as a means of justification or as a way of becoming Gods people. On the other hand, I can quote verse 11, which talks about "no respect of persons." I can also point to verse 2 which speaks of the judgment of God is according to truth.
I want to mention that verses 14 to 15 are a parenthetical thought. While the punctuation is not inspired, some bibles even have interpretive parenthesis around those verses. Paul is speaking of the Jews in Chapter 2 and how they judge Gentiles not worthy of God. Verses 14 and 15 are a parenthetical thought inserted about Gentiles. Gentiles do not have the Law of Moses, but they do have an inner conscience mentioned as "the law of God written on their hearts." While this is new covenant language, it is not actually the new covenant being referenced here. It is not until verse 29 that the new covenant comes into the conversation. The New Covenant is the concept of "heart circumcision." Back in verse 14-15, the law written on the hearts of the Gentiles in creation will only "accuse or else excuse" them. The rest of the chapter is to the Jew. The Jew is named in verse 17.... "17 But if thou bearest the name of a Jew,"