francisdesales
Member
But, I'm pretty sure Romans 2:14 is indirectly (but *profoundly* ) talking about the law of Moses when he makes the remark. For the law of Moses is a product of legal argumentation coming from Genesis and the Fathers (with a few concessions).
That may be something that later Catholicism wrote about, but the first few hundred years, I have only found writings of "supersessionism" from the Fathers. I haven't done an extensive survey, but it seems Justin the Martyr, Irenaeus, Ignatius of Antioch, and the Letter to Diognetus (for example) were stating that the Mosaic Law had passed away. The Old Law has been abrogated with the revelation of the New Law. According to them. And this makes sense, considering that Judaism and Catholicism went their separate ways in the first century, irrevocably. While the Fathers were intent on keeping the OT, they were not about to keep up with the cultural markers, the "Fence", set up by the Old Law, which separated Jews from Gentiles.
No doubt, the Jews themselves had a cosmic and pre-existent view of the Law as "The Wisdom of God". The nascent Catholics saw Jesus Christ as the Mosaic Law's replacement.
Writings about the Natural Law are pretty sparse from the early Fathers, but I have only done a preliminary search.
But, let's consider a test case: a dog has a law inscribed in it (brute beast law) that is "natural". And a dog, being the animal it is, sometimes considers a human leg to be a sexual target. Which is "natural" in the sense of that's what some breeds do instinctively... (and very annoyingly.)
"Natural", to us, is not the "law" of concupiscience and the tendency to sin, but more refers to things like the Golden Rule and the search for goodness and beauty, which is inherent in humans, since (as Augustine wrote) "our hearts are restless until the rest in you, O Lord"... That seeking is "ambiguous" in the pagan, but Christians have defined it as God Himself.
So, when Paul talks about them "doing by nature"; I don't think he means what is inscribed in man's body by "nature"; or raw emotion; and conscience is rationalized by pain/urge relief. (Well, this is the way God MADE me, so it's natural and not wrong. -- some sufferers will claim.)
Agreed. "Natural" is unrevealed knowledge about God's Law, if you look at the context of Romans 1-2. It is not about our tendency to sin. In other words, knowledge without the Torah.
Hence, I think God was always involved in inscribing them; one man at a time.
Yes, that is why Paul says that they have no excuse... If God was not inscribing them, we could claim ignorance upon judgment. However, all the nations will be judged based upon what they know.
But notice carefully what Paul says in Romans 2:15.
"and their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or excusing one another."
Thoughts, is logismoi (logic). It is therefore, not memory or rhymes, or feelings [alone] but arguments which accuse or excuse.
Here, I think Paul is saying that when we accuse others of "x", we are held up to that SAME judgment. This is clarified as we continue reading Romans 2, for the Jews were "teachers", but didn't fulfill what THEY taught!
A man can reason that the purpose of a woman having a womb, is to bear children; and the butt end of all of us -- is for excrement and sitting.
That is "natural" law as defined by Greek philosphy, in particular, Aristotle!
Without reason, though, there is no law; for there is no judgment, nor excuse or accusation.
Therefore, law is not a purely internal object; it's one that is grasped by human intellect and achieves it's strongest expression in society -- and Christians are not exempt.
True, that is what is meant by "natural" - that anyone can come to the conclusion that God exists or that it is wrong to steal - because we do not like it when others steal from us...
Matthew 18:20, notice, makes the point nicely with respect to Christians.
It takes two or three witnesses to establish a case; one alone can't be a judge.
And how about Matthew 16:18-20?
Now read Matthew 18:21-31 -- The parable is about judgment.
So we see natural law in action -- for the wicked servant did nothing technically against a written "law" (to the contrary, it was legal). But he was judged by another law that the servantS internalized and witnessed to -- from an example of their "master".
Agreed. We sense it is wrong, esp. when we were shown mercy.
Consider, then, exactly how Paul preached/taught on a "nature" basis:
Romans 1:19, Acts 17:27-29, Romans 1:25-28
Now, each nation has it's "Gods"; therefore, what is "nature" and what is "conscience" and what are "requirements" ?
As the OT prophets were fond of stating, idols of wood and metal have no ability to do anything. I like Jeremiah's "satire" found at the end of Baruch, the "letter to the exiles in Babylon"... That entire chapter is about how worthless false idols are. Creation speaks to the existence of a God that is not made out of wood!
Regards