The "Enigma" Of The Thousand Years Explained.
Proof that the thousand years come before the Tribulation:
12The sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up, to prepare the way for the kings from the east. 13And I saw, coming out of the mouth of the dragon and out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the false prophet, three unclean spirits like frogs. 14For they are demonic spirits, performing signs, who go abroad to the kings of the whole world, to assemble them for battle on the great day of God the Almighty. (Revelation 16:12-14 ESV)
This is the same event described in Revelation 20:7,8: 7And when the thousand years are ended, Satan will be released from his prison 8and will come out to deceive the nations that are at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them for battle; their number is like the sand of the sea.
The battle of Armegeddon takes place on the day Jesus returns: 19And I saw the beast and the kings of the earth with their armies gathered to make war against him who was sitting on the horse and against his army. 20And the beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who in its presence had done the signs by which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped its image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur. (Rev 19:19,20 ESV)
So when is Jesus going to defeat the antichrist in the battle of Armegeddon? On the day of His coming. (See 2 Thessalonians 2:8.) He's not going to defeat the antichrist twice. So Revelation 19 and 2 Thessalonians 2 refer to the same event on the same day.
And when will Satan be released to deceive the nations and prepare them for the battle of Armegeddon?
When the thousand years are ended. (Revelation 20:7,8)
Revelation 16:12-16, 19:11-21, and 20:7-10 all refer to the same battle. The beast and the false prophet are captured and destroyed first, then Satan. We know this takes place on the same day because the antichrist is defeated at the coming of Christ, and we know the other events of the last day that will take place when Christ returns, with His angels.
There's not going to be a thousand year reign of saints on this earth, either before or after the Tribulation. If it occurs before, it would require Christ and the saints to return to earth to reign for a thousand years, then go back up to heaven for the duration of the Tribulation when Satan is released, then return a second time for the resurrection of the dead and the rapture of the living saints on the last day. (That's nonsense, according to the Scriptures.)
Nor can the thousand years take place after the Tribulation, because the Tribulation won't begin until Satan is released from the bottomless pit, which is after the thousand year reign of the saints. Then he must be released for "a short time" (Revelation 20:3). That "short time", also mentioned in Revelation 12:12, is the Tribulation---originally seven years, shortened to approximately three and a half years by God for the sake of the elect (the saints).
At the end of the Tribulation, Jesus returns (Matthew 24:29-31), defeats the antichrist and Satan, the dead are raised, the world is destroyed, the judgment takes place, the new heaven and earth are created, and the saints possess the kingdom forever. (Not for a thousand years.)
People who are trying to fit a thousand year earthly reign of the saints into the chronology of the Revelation and other end-time scriptures have to contort and misinterpret them to do so. But as you can see from what I provided above, it's impossible to do. It doesn't fit before, during, or after the Tribulation, as an earthly reign. Logic, and comparing the scriptures that speak of the same events, with the help of the Holy Spirit, debunks the erroneous teaching of an earthly thousand year reign of the saints with Christ.
The thousand year reign can only take place in heaven. And it has been taking place there for nearly a thousand years. Satan is about to be released from his prison, and after making war with his demons against the holy angels in heaven, he will be cast down to earth and enter the person of the antichrist, and begin to persecute Christians; and the Tribulation will begin.
12Therefore, rejoice, O heavens and you who dwell in them! But woe to you, O earth and sea, for the devil has come down to you in great wrath, because he knows that his time is short!”
13And when the dragon saw that he had been thrown down to the earth, he pursued the woman who had given birth to the male child. 14But the woman was given the two wings of the great eagle so that she might fly from the serpent into the wilderness, to the place where she is to be nourished for a time, and times, and half a time... 17Then the dragon became furious with the woman and went off to make war on the rest of her offspring, on those who keep the commandments of God and hold to the testimony of Jesus.
(Revelation 12:13,14,17 ESV)
As for the first and second resurrections mentioned in Revelation chapter 20:
4Then I saw thrones, and seated on them were those to whom the authority to judge was committed. Also I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years. 5The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended. This is the first resurrection. 6Blessed and holy is the one who shares in the first resurrection! Over such the second death has no power, but they will be priests of God and of Christ, and they will reign with him for a thousand years. (Revelation 20:4-6 ESV)
These scriptures can be correctly understood by comparing them with other scriptures that clarify the timing and meaning of what is described in them. "They came to life" (verse 4) refers to spiritual rebirth, not being bodily resurrected. We know this because we know the timing of the bodily resurrection of the dead, of which there is only one---of both the righteous and the unrighteous---on the last day of the Tribulation, when Jesus returns; and because verse 5 and 6 explain that "they came to life" refers to the "first resurrection", which is the resurrection that saves from the lake of fire---being born again.
There are not two physical resurrections; so what verse 5 is speaking about ("the rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended") is the last day when the dead are bodily raised. The saints who are reigning with Christ in heaven are saints who have died, obviously. But they have eternal life. And that is what taking part in the "first resurrection" means---that that they were raised to life in Christ.
25Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life.d Whoever believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, 26and everyone who lives and believes in me shall never die. (John 11:25,26 ESV)
"The rest" of those who have physically died (both righteous and unrighteous), (Rev 20:5), will be bodily resurrected on the last day when Jesus returns, at the one resurrection of the dead.
Here is an explanation of the two resurrections Revelation 20 mentions:
25“Truly, truly, I say to you, an hour is coming, and is now here, when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God, and those who hear will live. (This is spiritual resurrection; being born again: the first resurrection.) 26For as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted the Son also to have life in himself. 27And he has given him authority to execute judgment, because he is the Son of Man. 28Do not marvel at this, for an hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice 29and come out, those who have done good to the resurrection of life, and those who have done evil to the resurrection of judgment. (This is the physical resurrection of the dead on the day Jesus returns: the second resurrection.) (John 5:25-29 ESV)
The saints in heaven haven't taken the mark of the beast or worshiped his image (Rev 20:4), because those things haven't happened yet. (See Revelation 3:10 for example). Some of these saints were martyred by beheading. They conquered Satan, the dragon---not the antichrist---by the blood of the Lamb and the word of their testimony, for they loved not their lives even unto death (Rev 12:11).
We (Christians who will be going through the Tribulation) are given these saints for an example to follow, that we should conquer the dragon, Satan (who will be indwelling the person of the antichrist), by laying our own lives down for Jesus, if necessary, as these saints in heaven have done. (See also Revelation 6:9-11).