Quote "When Judgement Day occurs, all souls will be judged, and the damned go into the final lake of fire (Gehenna) along with Satan and his demonic minions. In the meantime, when a person dies aren't they "immediately" judged and if damned sent to the current hell (Sheol, also called Hades)? I understand the Bible mentions a first and second death. Does that mean there are also 2 judgments? Is it then possible to fail the first time, but be saved the second and final time? Forgive me if this is a basic question."
My Reply: Above all else, let us compare Scripture with Scripture. By "Judgment Day", I assume you mean the day when the "rest of the dead" are raised to stand before Christ on His great white throne to judge them according to their deeds (Rev. 20:5, 12,13).
In order to be judged, they must be alive, resurrected, having died once. There, they will be judged righteously by Christ, and anyone whose name is not written in the book of life will be thrown into the lake of fire where they die the second time. Notice, these are people, not "disembodied souls or spirits."
(Rev. 20:15).
Also, "Gehenna" is not the lake of fire. It was a place outside the southwest wall of Jerusalem, where the rubbish and offal were tossed. Fires were kept burning to help clear the air of the stench, and burn up the dead bodies of animals and criminals cast there. It was a literal place in Jesus time on the earth, and will be there again outside the restored Jerusalem in the Messianic Kingdom on earth.
He warned his disciples and the multitudes concerning being judged by the council (Sanhedrin) and condemned to Gehenna ("hell"l, in most versions).
See Matt. 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:8, 9; 23:15, 33; and Mark 9:43.
I find nowhere in the Scriptures that indivuals will be judged while dead. Indeed! They are dead! Just one judgment for tthose raised to stand at the Great White Throne.