Here is the summation of the previous thoughts and questions(used to make the reader turn on their thinking cap).
Romans 9:30-33; Romans 10:1-4
What shall we say, then? That Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness have attained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith; but that Israel who pursued a law that would lead to righteousness did not succeed in reaching that law. Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as if it were based on works. They have stumbled over the stumbling stone, as it is written,
“Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone of stumbling, and a rock of offense;
and whoever believes in him will not be put to shame.”
Brothers, my heart's desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved. For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. For, being ignorant of the righteousness of God, and seeking to establish their own, they did not submit to God's righteousness.
For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes.
Gentiles 'attain' Gods righteousness(mercy) because of faith. That faith was only made possible because God partially hardened the Jews heart - again, not fully to make them unable to believe.
God foreknew they would harden their hearts, and not submit to His righteousness, so He used that in His plan for the Gentiles.
God wanted them to submit. Don't think He did not. But they would not. However, if they don't continue in this unbelief, and do submit to God, then He will restore them to their place He has made.
We know that the pots 'fitted' for destruction are those not of the faith. In the OT they would be known as Gentiles. But God decided(predestined) them to receive mercy even while they are predisposed to wickedness. The other pots, which God made to carry on the lineage of the Messiah and all the laws and commandments, were predisposed to righteousness.
All those years(and even still now) God has patience on the Gentiles(and unbelieving Jews). In order that He can show His power through ones He who were made for righteousness - not only Jews but also Gentiles.
Romans 9:25-26
“Those who were not my people I will call ‘my people,’
and her who was not beloved I will call ‘beloved.’”
“And in the very place where it was said to them, ‘You are not my people,’
there they will be called ‘sons of the living God.’”
Isn't God's plan wonderful? How merciful for God to tolerate bad pots, and to fill them with good things, if they come to Him through faith in belief.
2 Timothy 2:21 - Therefore, if anyone cleanses himself from what is dishonorable, he will be a vessel for honorable use, set apart as holy, useful to the master of the house, ready for every good work.
I am not sure if anyone has heard or read what all this "dishonorable" and "honorable" pot thing is all about. But the terminology used is that in those days a dishonorable pot was used as a 'waste' pot, a 'chamber' pot. And the other pot was used for water, oil, and food.
I am not sure I would, but it shows the powerful working of God, to take a pot that used to be used for waste and cleanse it good enough to be used for food. Only God can do that. We have no power in ourselves to do that.