1 Corinthians and the Gifts of the Spirit
I Corinthians contains the greatest volume of detail about the gifts of the Spirit that we find in the New Testament. We must ask first, why, and second, what does it say?
Why:
Because Corinth was a Jewish ecclesia, and had been witnessed to extensively
It is commonly held that Corinth contained a heterogeneous hotch-potch of Gentiles. It is certainly true that Gentiles were present in the ecclesia, and there may or may not have been an indiscriminate mixture. But what is even more certain is the fact that it was predominantly Jewish.
The account of its formation in the Acts testifies to a high concentration of Jews. Consider the following:
18: 2 Paul finds Aquila and Priscilla, lately come from Italy because Claudius had commanded all
Jews to depart from Rome. Presumably, a fair number of other
Jews had also come with them.
18: 4 He reasoned
in the synagogue every sabbath and persuaded
the Jews and the Gentiles.
18: 5 Paul, pressed in the spirit, testified
to the Jews that Jesus was Christ
18: 6 He goes to the Gentiles, but not too far away! “And he departed thence, and entered into a certain man's house, named Justus, one that worshipped God, whose house
joined hard to the synagogue.” ie next door to the synagogue!
18: 8 And Crispus,
the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians ( Jews?) hearing believed, and were baptized.
18: 12
The Jews made insurrection: plainly because too many inroads were being made by Paul into their number.
From this catalogue, it seems clear that there must have been a considerable percentage
of Jews in the Corinthian ecclesia. The tenor of the letters to Corinth confirms this. There are unquestionably passages directed to Gentile believers, but most of the allusions make more sense if it was a predominantly Jewish ecclesia.
1 The number and frequency of the allusions to the OT demand readers who knew the OT well. Jews , in other words.
2 2: 28 The princes of this world - the
Jewish kosmos and its princes - crucified the Lord of glory.
3 5: 1 such fornication as is not so much as named
among the Gentiles. Implying that these were
Jewish readers / hearers.
4 5: 6 “leaven” …..”passover” easily understandable by Jews.
5 8:7 ff the question of eating or not eating meats is mainly relevant
to Jews and the food laws.
6 9: 9 “For it is written
in the Law of Moses”……
7 10:1 “our fathers were under the cloud” Jewish fathers.
8 10: 20 “..to which the Gentiles sacrifice..” But not Jews.
9 14: 21 “In the law it is written…..will I speak to this people (the Jews)
10 16: 8 “Until Pentecost..”
This survey of 1 Corinthians shows that much witnessing to, and conversion of, the Jews must have been done by the apostle and his companions. Hence he heavily expounds (in 5 whole chapters) on the gifts of the Holy Spirit, chiefly, it seems because they were not using the gifts aright, i.e. in witnessing to the Jews.
What was actually said in tongues?
Chapter 14 is most instructive. The problem is that of them speaking in tongues at random. It soon becomes perfectly clear that God intended this gift to be used to witness to His unbelieving people.
1 Seek that you may prophesy rather than speak in tongues, he says in vv 1 -6, because if you speak in tongues an no-one interprets the message, then it is a waste of time for the ecclesia. He draws an analogy from which we are given a major clue as to exactly what was said in the unknown tongues.
“For if the trumpet give forth an uncertain voice, who shall prepare himself for war?”(v8 RV)
There is an allusion to
Isaiah 58: 1 “Cry aloud, spare not, lift up your voice like a trumpet,
and declare unto my people their transgression, and to the house of Jacob their sins.”
This is what those who spoke in tongues should have been doing. They should have been declaring to the Jews their transgression in rejecting Jesus of Nazareth, not babbling away irrelevantly and irreverently. This is only what we should have expected, since this is exactly what Peter and his companions,
speaking in tongues, did on the day of Pentecost. They declared Jacob’s sins with voices like trumpets.
So when he says in
1 Cor 14: 23 “there come in those that are unlearned or unbelievers..” he means
Jews who are
unlearned in the Scriptures concerning Christ, or
unbelieving in Him despite the facts.
Verse 21 confirms this beyond any possible doubt: “By men of strange tongues and by the lips of strangers will I speak
unto this people; and not even thus will they hear me saith the Lord.”
2 At the end of the section (v25) Paul uses the words “declaring that God is among you indeed” which is a double allusion to
Isaiah 45: 14 and
Zech 8: 23 - in both of which men lay hold of him that is a Jew because God is among them: further indication that Corinth is a Jewish ecclesia.
Since, as we have now shown conclusively, the gifts of the Spirit were to be used principally as a witness to the Jews, and we have a clear picture of what was said in those tongues, we can now say with some confidence exactly when they were withdrawn: AD 70. When the temple was destroyed, and His people no longer a nation in their own land, there was no further witness to be made to them as a body.
Equally, this study shows that the claims of those who “speak in tongues” and perform “healing miracles” today are dubious, and have no Scriptural support whatsoever. The gifts are not used in witnessing to His people.
I do, however, believe that there will be a further outpouring of the Spirit in Israel in the last days. This is yet to be, and we look forward eagerly to that Day, when God’s witnesses will again bear miraculously supported testimony to the Jewish people concerning the claims of Jesus of Nazareth the Messiah.
Summary
1 The Comforter is the Holy Spirit
2 The Comforter was to be given exclusively as a witness to the Jews.
3 Each occasion where anyone is described as being filled with the Spirit in the Acts, was an occasion where Jews were being witnessed to.
4 1 Cor.14 supports this idea powerfully.