You are right to say there is a difference between hearing and understanding. We can hear something but not understand it until we have worked it out, and then we act on what we have heard. So, it is with faith. First, we believe and when we have worked it out, we act on it, and our actions or works that follow, are the result of our newborn faith.Just so we're clear, there is a difference between hearing and understanding. You have not been making this distinction. It does say there in Romans 10 that the problem was not that they didn't hear, but that they did not understand (Romans 10:19).
19I ask instead, did Israel not understand?
But the call was the call of faith, nonetheless (Romans 10:17-18). But they responded in unbelief and God turned them over to their unbelief and hardened theirs hearts and closed their eyes and ears so they couldn't hear and see, or else they would turn and he would heal them.
So you still have this problem. Your theology says only regenerate people are able to hear and understand. Yet, Hebrews 6:4-6 speaks of those who are enlightened but fall away. It doesn't matter if it's talking about unsaved, unregenerate people falling away, or if it's talking about saved, regenerated people falling away and not being allowed to come back to repentance. Your theology loses on both counts. That one passage forces you to decide between unsaved people being enlightened by the Spirit, or, saved people falling away. Which one do you want to go with? Which point in your theology do you want to give up in light of this very clear passage of scripture? I suggest you give up the contention that only regenerated people can be enlightened by the Spirit. That is the matter of the two that is easily discerned in scripture.
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