Hello brothers and sisters in Christ!
I pray that our minds and hearts can be enlightened by all spiritual truth from the Father above, through the knowledge of His Son Jesus, and the inward working of the Holy Spirit in His holy saints!
I would like to thoroughly investigate here, in a serious truth-seeking effort, the biblical significance of Holy Spirit Baptism (I am phrasing it like that on purpose) in terms of, as the thread title implies, the
theological significance of the word 'baptism' when used in relation to the Spirit in Scripture and its
exegetical context (its specific meaning in the actual text it occurs in) as revealed for a
specific purpose and at a
specific time in God's salvation history. As you may infer I want to have what might be considered a more 'technical' theological discussion rather than just
discussing the ministry of the Spirit in general, and this is not intended as a topic for discussing the gifts of the Spirit except inasmuch as it
relates directly to the texts mentioning baptism in relation to the Spirit. I do not intend to exclude anyone from this discussion, but even as lay men and women we should be able to approach the Bible with a faithful and defined 'hermenutic', a defined approach for consistently reading Scripture, rather than just being all "over the board" in our interpretations of Scripture and winging our doctrine.
Very simply the the theological and exegetical question that I want to put forth for discussion is this:
Are (1) the Baptism with the Spirit promised by John the Baptist and Jesus (in the Gospels and at the beginning of Acts) - and - (2) the Baptism in the Spirit (by Jesus) for the purpose of uniting the believer with the Body of Christ mentioned in 1 Corinthians 12:13 the exact same baptism? That is: are they the exact same in purpose and effect and do they describe the same action and ministry of the Spirit under the New Covenant in the believer, or is the use of the word 'baptism' as an immersion used to describe more than one aspect of the Spirit's New Covenant ministry in Scripture?
No doubt the similarties in the language exist, else this would not even be under discussion, but it is
not always the case that the
same word in the Bible is used in the
same way with the
same meaning, or even to describe the same theological concept,
every time. Jesus' use of 'leaven' in a neutral/positive sense in one of his parables
(Matthew 13:33) is one example of this. In Jesus' parables even the use of the 'seed' sown does
not always represent the same thing from parable to parable (in some the seed refers only to the Word of God, and its acceptance or rejection is the focus, whereas in other parables there are evil seeds planted by the enemy in addition to good seeds). So also the soil or field in which the seed is planted is not always the same (the soil in the parable of the Seed & the Sower is the individual's heart, whereas in other parables "The field is the world"
(Matthew 13:38) and not the individual's heart).
This topic of Spirit Baptism has been one of intense interest to me for many years and I recently just purchased three books that are a study of the ministry of the Spirit and what aspects were newly manifested in the Spirit's ministry under the New Covenant
in relation to what was promised in the Old Testament, thus examining how it relates to the OT and how it stands in continuity with God's eternal plan of salvation.
I did have a specific launching point for this discussion in mind from an article that was published in a theological journal written by Larry Pettegrew (Dean and Professor of Theology at Shepherd's Theological Seminary and author of
The New Covenant Ministry of the Holy Spirit) that is entitled
"Dispensationalists and Spirit Baptism":
http://www.tms.edu/tmsj/tmsj8b.pdf. Now, the examination of the history of different evangelical views on Spirit Baptism in the context of Dispensationalism is just a framework for the discussion at hand, and could just as easily have been penned in a similar article examining the Reformed stance. However I wanted to discuss his conclusion at the end, and his suggestion for understanding the many references to "baptism" in the New Testament in relation to the Holy Spirit.
He essentially says that there is Scriptural evidence (which I am strongly beginning to believe now after reading
God's Indwelling Presence by James Hamilton) that
the Baptism with the Spirit in Acts and its
promise by John the Baptist and Jesus describe what was
prophesied in the Old Testament of the "pouring out" of the Holy Spirit, and there is undeniable evidence at the least that Peter's mention of "pouring out" is used
in relation to the Baptism of the Holy Spirit, if not to identify that baptism outright as the promised outpouring.
Then, and this is my biggest theological struggle in trying to understand all this, he argues that because the Body of Christ metaphor is specific to the New Covenant and not the Old, that the purpose for which the Baptism in the Spirit is mentioned in
1 Corinthians 12:13 (which in its broader context of the chapter is on the
oneness and
unity of the Body) is specifically a New Covenant ministry of the Spirit and
is not the same as the pouring out of the Spirit, which he sees the baptism in Acts as being, but rather deals with the NT mystery of being "in Christ" and being united into His Body.
Thus he sees the use of 'baptism' in 1 Corinthians 12:13 as being a different reference from the one in Acts, and its use as refering to another ministry of the Spirit, although obviously being more broadly related within the Spirit's overall New Covenant ministry in all believers (as with His other ministries of filling, anointing, sealing, etc). Romans 6:3 uses baptism in a similar metaphorical way for a "baptism into Christ" in the sense of being spiritually united with Christ.
I am seriously considering this interpretaion to be a theological possibility and proper interpretation of the two mentions of Spirit Baptism in the New Testament, as being the most contextually sensitive to the surrounding scriptural and doctrinal discussion in the actual books/epistles which they occur in, and as properly taking into consideration
the matter of continuity with the Old Testament, which is a huge consideration which I neglected for many years. At the same time
I still have reservations, since I am not clear on whether the Baptism in Acts could be seen as an external function and manifestation of the 'uniting of believers into Christ's body'.
Now the simple, and rather sloppy and hasty, assertion that could be made is that because the entire book of Acts is about the birth of the Church that "of course" the
1 Corinthians 12:13 baptism in the Spirit is in view in Acts as well. However I believe that a context sensitive approach to interpeting the passages in Acts & the Gospels and the passage in 1 Corinthians should be taken and thoroughly evaluated first, each independantly in their own context,
before attempting to mesh them together. That is the proper way to approach doctrine, interpretation, and exegesis. If
after that exegetical analysis (more colloquially referred to as "
rightly dividing the Word") has been properly done it is found that the concepts, purposes, and functions of the ministry of the Spirit in both instances
perfectly fit together as the same work of the Spirit then it may be conceded that they are one and the same as a doctrinal and theological concept or aspects of the exact same action.
Until then we must be willing for long enough to suspend our assumptions to
discover what the Word of God really says. And that
I am very eager to do.
Your thoughts, observations, and meditations on Scripture are very welcome in discussing this topic.
God Bless,
~Josh